Hydrogen Technology Research essays

Hydrogen Technology Research expositions With the present economy, world circumstance, and anticipated ecological eventual fate of the petroleum product age a change should be made. Hydrogen power is a well known answer for the non-renewable energy source issue. There are anyway many gathering associated with this circumstance that should be considered. These gatherings incorporate architects, legislators, and the basic individual. Designers need to consider a few factors in their acknowledgment of hydrogen power. For one thing, the reading material says that hydrogen power makers are high in costs when contrasted with the modest non-renewable energy sources accessible today (Miller 409). This is valid, yet different variables should be mulled over. Counting that as the interest for hydrogen using machines expands, the gracefully will increment, and the cost for the machines will go down. So if the cost is caused now, it will diminish later on. Another basic issue that architects are essentially confronting now is capacity. There are a few prospects, yet all have their destructions. The most concerning issue confronting hydrogen stockpiling is that, Hydrogen gas isn't a vitality thick fuel (Princeton). This essentially implies a lot of hydrogen will yield a tad of vitality. So enormous volumes of hydrogen should be used so as to be viable. Hydrogen, be that as it may, isn't exceptionally simple to store in view of its incredibly low vanishing vitality level. This implies fluid hydrogen would take up huge amounts of vitality to be kept in fluid structure, which is wasteful. Innovation is as of now being tried that would store hydrogen in different mixes, from which hydrogen can be handily removed. This anyway could bring about hazardous mixes being delivered, and the mixes may likewise be too costly to possibly be utilized on a mass scale. One more issue that architects face is that hydrogen isn't discovered alone in nature. So it must be extricated from a compound. The most prevalently thought of approach to extricate hydrogen is through the el... <!

Current Trends in Leadership Essay Example for Free

Current Trends in Leadership Essay Presently a day heads are following a pattern of As one, which is a short expression yet it is loaded up with significance and motivation. In straightforward sense As one intends to summarize the individual activities into aggregate force. As per the article people can team up to accomplish uncommon outcomes together. Consistently individuals meet, team up from various nations, associations and ventures so that to cause the things to occur. In this, a few coordinated efforts are inadvertent, some are intentionally or now and then it utilizes web advances. Be that as it may, the essential thing explanation for these joint efforts or filling in as one marvel is to have a triumphant edge. What's more, this triumphant edge is normally dictated by the association that best fills in as one. Pioneers have included the expression as one which has changed its importance totally. For example working, it is an individual activity however when it is associated with â€Å"as one† the whole importance of both word and the expression has changed, for example functioning as one, which shows the intensity of cooperation in an association. Correspondingly winning as opposed to winning as one, more grounded versus more grounded as one. Presently they realize that wellsprings of motivations are interminable, simply think about the potential outcomes and accept as one, prevail as one. The meaning of initiative is developing, for example, * Some state initiative is about profitability, making representatives cooperate effectively. They state that incredible pioneer ought to get individuals to have a typical understanding around how to cooperate. * Some state initiative is about individuals. They state a leader’s work is to create people’s feeling of having a place with their gathering. They accept an extraordinary pioneer ought to get individuals to have a solid common character or feeling of what their identity is. * Some state initiative is about reason. They feel a leader’s work is to drive people’s pledge to follow up on the objectives of the association. An incredible pioneer gets individuals to have a solid feeling of directional force around what they have to do together. In any case, a genuine pioneer ought to include every one of these things. A few chiefs call it filling in as one and it speaks to the zenith of aggregate administration, or initiative that outcomes in a firm gathering of individuals cooperating successfully toward a shared objective or reason. As one may appear to be basically accessible to pioneers and their groups, however it doesn’t simply must be about inside collaborations. The idea is a beginning stage for all pioneers to see how they can apply explicit aggregate authority strategies to best accommodate their circumstances and difficulties. * Employee’s Trust in his Leader2: One out of four workers don't confide in their pioneer. What pioneers do so their workers trust them? What's more, how they realize that whether their representatives trust him or not? A pioneer ought to have responds to for these inquiries. As a pioneer, you can’t bear to evade trust among you and your representatives or colleagues. An absence of trust in pioneer brings about negative effect on staff maintenance, worker prosperity and execution. Trust requires an individual to have dependence and trust in the activities of another, with no assurance that he/she will act as wanted in kind. At the point when applied to administration, trust is a person’s ability to face a challenge for a pioneer with the desires that, in return, the pioneer will carry on in some ideal manner. To amplify the trust chiefs get from their workers, they show three characteristics. 1. Ability (Can they carry out the responsibility?); 2. Altruism (Do they care about me?); and 3. Trustworthiness (Are they legit?). Trustworthiness is the most significant part at 41 percent, the kindheartedness at 34 percent, at that point fitness at 25 percent. At the point when the objective is to expand the trust, pioneers must realize how to carry out their responsibilities well, yet it is considerably progressively significant for them to be thoughtful, steady and legit with their representatives. Pioneers not just show these three characteristics fair, altruistic and skillful, however they have likewise attempt to be believed to be so. Presently pioneers show trust in individuals around them. They tune in to their workers, identify with them, show their anxiety for the representatives, are straightforward with them, consistent with their promise, and treat them decently. Pioneers effectively oversee how they are seen by others. They attempt to interface their workers at an individual level, which could be as straightforward as warmly greeting them. There are clear connections between proficient human capital administration (HCM) best practices, (for example, statements of purpose, normal overviews and execution audits) and trust in authority. These practices, commonly of dynamic associations, and are additionally connected to levels of trust in authority. Representatives are twice as prone to believe their senior chiefs if the association has occupied with these practices. Furthermore, the a greater amount of these accepted procedures that the association takes part in, the more noteworthy the degree of representative trust in authority. End: Based on the investigations, I came to realize that various pioneers are following various patterns in their administration strategies. So there is no set pattern for initiative. Additionally various individuals have distinctive conclusion about their pioneers. Be that as it may, what I understood from my learning on these articles that to have a triumphant and serious edge, associations require pioneers who can rouse, inspire, direct, and so forth their workers to accomplish the company’s objective viably and effectively. Pioneers ought to likewise assemble their trust on representatives, so they can trust and accept their pioneers for better results and staff maintenance. Additionally I came to realize that pioneers are rehearsing to work in a group and as of now they are utilizing a pattern of As one, that is entire association is one and they are having a shared objective, goal and vision. Sources: 1. Administration Excellence, Art. Aggregate administration, March 2012 2. Administration Excellence, Art. Step by step instructions to pick up trust?, May 2012

Can Your Marriage Survive Infidelity

Can Your Marriage Survive Infidelity Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print Can Your Marriage Survive Infidelity? By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on February 02, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on February 02, 2020 kristian sekulic/E/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse The topic of infidelity and cheating spouses is everywhere.  We hear about it frequently in the media and have seen the marriages of friends or relatives that have been devastated by affairs. Its no surprise that many couples internally ask the question, How would I cope ? with such a situation if it were to happen to you. Its particularly common to also wonder if your own marriage could survive such a serious betrayal. Popular psychologist and self-help book author, Dr. Harriet Lerner writes about this in a PsychologyToday.com article, Will Your Marriage Survive the Affair? (2013).  She writes,  Keep in mind that an affair is not a terrible aberration that only occurs in unhappy marriages. It’s a myth that the “real reason” behind an affair is a faulty spouse or bad marriage. A sexually and emotionally distant marriage will definitely make an affair more likely, but it’s also true that affairs happen in excellent marriages as well. Affairs have many sources, and opportunity and work context are among the pre-disposing factors. Marriage can survive infidelity, but it is important to remember certain facts: Its not easyIt hurtsThere will probably be anger, tears, and depressionIt will take time to healIt will take a decision to trust againIt will take the cheater taking responsibility and not blaming his/her spouse for the affairIt will take the victim also taking responsibility for underlying problems in the marriageIt will take courageIt will require serious commitment from both of you to save your marriageIt is likely that you will need professional help to process what happened Many professionals have seen marriages not only survive infidelity but become better. It is true that a marriage can survive an extra-marital affair. But, this will only happen if both partners are willing to acquire and use the skills necessary to making their marriage successful.   Developing a new way of interacting requires you both to: have deep and meaningful conversationsexpress underlying vulnerable emotionstemper defensiveness, blame, denialexplore your underlying patterns  or vicious cycles of communicationbe willing to forgive hurtsbe completely honestlook at emotional baggage that may have gotten you to this place Some feelings that are prominent when a couple experiences cheating in their marriage include: ShameGuiltBlameAngerHurtDisappointmentRageEmbarrassmentForgivenessJealousyLustResentmentDenialMis-trust Some Marriages Should Not Be Saved Your marriage can survive this onslaught of feelings. However, some marriages are not meant to be saved. If the infidelity is one of many symptoms of domestic violence and/or emotional abuse in your relationship you will never feel safe enough to work through your problems. These are very entrenched issues that are often not changeable. It is challenging for the betrayed partner to know if he or she can give the spouse a second chance. If the infidelity was a one-time event, this is also quite different than someone with a pattern of ongoing cheating. If your spouse is a serial cheater, it may be time to throw in the towel. There are other positive signs to look for such as the spouse showing remorse and showing clear actions that the affair has ended.   The spouse can also be extremely transparent by supplying account passwords, allowing an app or GPS tracking, taking a lie-detector or be willing to sign a post-nuptial agreement. These suggestions might not work for everyone, but they are worth a consideration in the short-term while trying to work through infidelity. Where to Get Professional Help See out a licensed therapist or psychologist who specializes in working with couples. Be sure to ask about their expertise in helping with infidelity in particular. A place to start if you are still unsure if you want to save the marriage, or the affair is still going on, is a process called Discernment Counseling.  Some people find it better (or easier) to speak with their clergy. This may be a good initial step, but a professional counselor will be needed to help you work through the long-term healing process. Should Your Cheating Spouse Get Another Chance? Article updated by Marni Feuerman

Recrutiment Strategies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1229 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES On the whole approach to recruitment for the hiring of thriving employees have got to be tightly planned, sound researched, open to flexible thinking and pursue a team approach. Keeping high standards will let the company to seek out and employ extremely skilled individuals who are proficient of joining the team of companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ joining with others in achieving the objectives of the organization. The HR team keeping this in mind, ought to be also vigilant to not make the requirements of hiring so authoritarian as to source apprehension amongst possible candidates source them to discard their application leaving the corporation with a much reduced `team up of candidates to pick from.[ Boxall, P. Purcell, J. (2008).] Prior to beginning the process of hiring, all interested parties must meet to appraise the details of the hiring process. This would comprise a HR representative, 1-2 representatives from the department which is filling a vacancy and as several representatives from additional departments which will interface with the fresh hire. At the apex of the detailed needs must forever be the goals of organizations and how this place fits into these objectives. Next deliberation is a profound perceptive of the individuals dynamics within the structure of organizational. When a full perceptive of this constitution is voiced, it aids the hiring team in choosing amongst competent candidates. The fresh hire will be a team member which has beforehand instituted its motivation, and the fresh hire should fetch a like motivation to the place. The third deliberation would, of course, be the essential skills that they are looking for. Different fields of employment make use of diverse approaches when planning questions and interviewing individuals. For example Education would look for compassion, dedication, past examples of experiences of team building, creativity and innovation, to name a only some traits. Educators prefer a sustain structure that is in working and place, even though there are individuals in education who are keen to join a venture of educational in progress. Employing in education means looking to see if an individual is responsible for their part and do not need extra assistance in incorporating their ideas. A company looking to hire an engineer for a new overseas expansion might look for an adventurous spirit, while a company looking to hire an engineer for an established stateside project would look for stability and find qualified candidates who appreciate established structure in which to work. There is a wide variety of techniques needed for businesses who are hiring middle management, and different techniques for businesses which are hiring seasonal employees, and even additional diversity of techniques for businesses that are hiring CEOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s or further upper management. Every level of hire for a business looks for extremely diverse character dispositions and traits, in addition to expertise and backgrounds. Another attribute a business search would be glancing for is flexibility particularly in our existing economy. They require being proficient to comprehend and merge with any expansion, downsizing, and fresh products that the corporation may engage in. Business looks for dilemma solvers. In contrast of the three fields (engineering, education and business), the committee of hiring have got to deem what the candidates themselves are glancing for. An educator is typically not interested in instituting school the environment, nevertheless wants keenly to be free to institute the classroom environment and needs to be acquainted with that their goals and ideas will incorporate with the goals of schools. An engineer glances for a place where there will be co-workers who will be accessible for discussions in relation to variety of phases of a project and who recognize his field of expertise in engineerin g. A business hire classically looks for a concrete company with a great history of thriving innovation. They desire a company who remains stable while looking at a varying world and industry and constructing the essential adaptations. A clear vision and mission are notable to the majority business hires.[ Wilton, N (2011).] Hiring committees require to tender situations that the engineer or businessman can resolve. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What would you doà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is a huge beginning for seeing how they would move toward to solutions to ordinary challenges in the company. An educator must as well be presented with situational questions, however more of a individual skill level to a certain extent than an control or administrative level as the person, business or engineer may require to solve. An educator requires being capable to plainly communicate their training, ideas and goals in easily understood language. An educator needs to demonstrate how they function in team situations for educational environment improvement. Telling a potential hire that the school district is not going to be able to purchase textbooks for their area of teaching for three years and asking how they intend to deal with this shows how the educator thinks outside the box. Interviewers must listen for mature creative ideas so that they may know that the interviewee would probably use creative approaches in the classroom as well. Age and experience are two highly valuable traits in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education market.[ Dunford, B., Snell, S., Wright, P. (2001).] In hiring a teacher to fill a vacancy a hiring committee should consist of not only those who are in the same field, but others who might interface with the teacher to provide collaborative approaches to realistic teaching. Have ideas that are actually being considered for a novel approach, and see what they have to say about such ideas. For example, if the Social Studies department and English department are looking to provide real-world senior projects, and they want a mathematical or science element in these projects, ask the candidate how they would see themselves adding on to this type of project. Beyond the candidateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge of their subject matter, ask them how they feel about teachers incorporating socialization into the education of children and if they do this in their classrooms. How important is it for teachers to teach socialization in a math class? I would recommend employing the educator. Education is an important position for genuine world skills. There is an enormous deal of willingness and creativity to be element of a range of actions and activities that structure any flexible employment situation. Recognizing when a change is essential is part and package of any teacherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s training, adjustment is the majority essential skill that an educator or teacher have got to have. I recommend looking for an additional mature, skilled teacher to te nder the position to, one who renders fresh ideas and is keen and eager to adjust to hardships and pioneering approaches. Budgets are rigid and hiring an experienced teacher may be additional expensive than a region can pay for, however in the long run will help the area in view of the fact that the successful candidate will almost certainly wear many hats, be on numerous and various committees and willingly provide more than is asked of them. They communicate evidently and briefly and are competent managers. They are extremely flexible and are well educated. References Boxall, P. Purcell, J. (2008). Strategy and Human Resource Management (Management, Work Organisations). 2nd edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Dunford, B., Snell, S., Wright, P. (2001). Human Resources and the Resource Based View of the Firm. Journal of Advanced Human Resource Studies (CAHRS). Pgs 3-29 Wilton, N (2011). An introduction to Human Resource Management. London: Sage Publication Ltd. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Recrutiment Strategies" essay for you Create order

Newspaper And Other Traditional Sources Of Journalism

Rosina Gurung Professor Robert Obert Spring 2017 May 03, 2017 Q. â€Å"Newspaper and other traditional sources of journalism are becoming less and less able to financially sustain themselves. Given that a free press is widely considered essential to democracy, many groups are deeply concerned about this trend.† Traditional Journalism against New Modern Journalism Journalism is one of the most important part of mass communication around the world in this modern era. The era in which people connected with internet and technology is playing vital role in every human being. According to American Press Institute â€Å"Journalism is the activity of gathering information, assessing, creating and presenting news and information. It is also the product of†¦show more content†¦Technology has brought everyone close and made everyone’s life easier than before but it has affected journalism industry very critically. The sources of journalism today can be distinguish between traditional and modern bases. In this modern world to put in simple technique Journalism has been a casual activity by everyone around the world which is affecting not only journalism industry but also affecting traditional sources of journalism. Nowadays people are not reading newspaper, magazines for news and not listening to radio or watching news on television, and the reason is new technology that provide faster news in their cell phones and through internet which is affecting economically traditional sources of journalism such as Newspaper, Radio, Television News channels and documentary makers. Since the world is changing, change is the part of life and new system or new technology is introducing in journalism, it is making risk for the existing sources of journalism to be in industry, people who are in the industry. Traditional News Sources sometimes referred to as old or mainstream media; radio and television qualify as traditional source whereas Non-traditional News Sources: sometimes referred to as new media, and oftentimes categorized as electronic; non-traditional news sources include social media (websites and applications used for social networking), as well as news sources that can be accessed on the Internet. Before the internet wasShow MoreRelatedThe Rise And Fall Of Traditional Journalism1283 Words   |  6 PagesJournalism is gathering, processing, and dissemination of news, and information related to news, to an audience. The word applies to the method of inquiring for news, the literary style which is used to disseminate it, and the activity (professional or not) of journalism. With the invention of complicated printing technology in the 1870s, photographic images were possibly created for the reproduction in newspapers and magazines. Then a hundred years later, the newspaper industry reached its apexRead MoreThe Journalism And Media Staff1511 Words   |  7 Pages According to PEW Research Center: Journalism and media staff â€Å"The threat to newspapers now appears from nearly every indicator. From 1950 through 1999, for instance, newspaper revenue grew seven percent a year. From 2000 through 2006, by contrast, it has grown by just 0.5%. Then in the first quarter of 2006, growth was even less: 0.35%.† Though online ad revenues continue to rise, they have been recently description for just 5% of all newspaper company revenue. In addition to inactive and notRead MoreThe Decline of Journalism as a Profession914 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The belief that journalism is in decline has triggered major alarms, because society needs an informational environment that is easily available to all citizens such as newspapers. There is a large body of journalist that suggests that if television has taken over from the press as our main source of news this may limit our capacity to learn about public affairs; newspapers are believed to be far more effective than television at conveying detailed information necessary to understandRead MoreCitizen Journalism Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesCitizen journalism is the concept of average citizens playing an active role in the media. Blogging, social networks and participatory news sites have helped to contribute to the growth of citizen journalism. The idea of reporting instantly from any place at any time has grown to become a key tool in journalism today. A blog is a regular informal entry by an individual commenting on news stories or describing an event. They can range in any topic from fashion to politics. A blogger can remove orRead More The Impact of Electronic Media and the Internet on Print Media1550 Words   |  7 Pagesand impact of current technology of the electronic media and World Wide Web on print media, and how future developments in technology will affect the future direction of the traditional newspaper. The way in which â€Å"Bloggers† have influenced traditional journalism will also be explored and how this has affected the journalism profession. In addition, the negative impacts of how the electronic media is being used as a political forum will also be investigated. Finally, the author will predict theRead MoreMedia And Broad Casting Mass Media903 Words   |  4 PagesFor a long time, people receive news on the printed source such as newspaper, magazine which published by newspaper company or publishin g company. A little while a go, people got another news source which are radio and television. Most country start with public broad casting and while later, the radio or television company established and start broadcasting own programs. Both literary media and broad casting mass media are mostly driven by big company and each of those company has own political stanceRead MoreNews Of The 21st Century : The Evolution Of Necessity1551 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss how gathering, accessing and paying for news is evolving to survive using a range of sources and specific examples to illustrate your argument. Introduction A new form of journalism based on new media is changing the core of news production and consumption. Rebelling against the news models of the past as news migrates onto an online platform. News values are changing even in the ABC and other conventional news outlets. These changes are a response to the external factors that impactRead MoreThe And Skeptics : Evaluating The Credibility Of Mainstream And Citizen Journalism1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of journalism has always been regarded with skepticism. People are not sure which newspapers or news stations to trust. Naturally, the audience gravitates towards mainstream news providers like CNN or The New York Times. These sources, along with many others, have been accepted for their credibility. Recently, however, another source has been capturing the audience’s attention. This source is known as citizen journalism, and its contributions to society have had a huge impact. WhetherRead MoreHow Does Social Media Affect The Way Journalists Gather Information?1466 Words   |  6 PagesJournalism in the ways that it is produced, distributed, and used has changed within the last two decades. With the emergence of new tools and practices, journalists are experiencing a change that bring news ways to produce news stories and a redefines professional journalism. Readership in print journalism has significantly went down with the rise of Internet, bringing many questions: How does social media affect a newsroom? How does social media affect the way journalists gather information? AndRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Journalism1742 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has had a huge impact on the way that journalism is practiced and the way that the general public perceive news in the present day. This dissertation aims to identify and explore the use of the different social media platforms, focusing on the impact that the rise of social media has had on journalism practices. In addition, this paper will examine the public’s responses to the news that they receive through social media platforms. Examples of social media platforms that this dissertation

Mr. Patrick Brennan Free Essays

As Mr. Patrick Brennan is a very young business person and having better aspirations, it is not better for him to retain his establishment under the Proprietorship structure. Considering the growth shown in his business graph, I advice Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Mr. Patrick Brennan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Brennan to get your organization incorporated as soon as possible. I hereby point out three general advantages that the corporate structure has over the proprietorship structure. (a) First of all, when a firm is incorporated it becomes a distinct legal entity. Its life commences from the date of incorporation. It enjoys all the legal privileges laid down by the respective countries. (b) Secondly, it acquires a perpetual succession. The members may come and go, but it goes on for ever, unless it is wound up. (c) Its property is not the property of the shareholders. The shareholders have a right to share in the profits of the company when realized and divided. Likewise, any liability of the company is not the liability of the individual shareholders. (2) A characteristic feature of corporate enterprise is the separation between ownership and management as a corollary of which the latter enjoys substantial autonomy in regard to the affairs of the firm. In the corporate structure shareholders are the owners of the enterprise and the management is the agent of the owners. The shareholders delegate the decision making authority to professional management on the premise that the latter will work in the interest of the former. In order to ensure that management would take optimal decisions compatible with the shareholders’ interests of value maximization, of course, they have to be paid incentives. Certainly, there may also arise agency problems in terms of conflicts of interests. Policies to mitigate the agency problems do, of course, involve cost. However, this is the price that the owners have to pay to harmonize the conflicting goals between them and the management of the enterprise. But, there is no need of worry Mr. Brennan because in order to minimize the agency problems and agency cost, you can arrange certain provision for appropriate incentives and for monitoring of agents. By auditing the financial statements and limiting decision making by the management you can easily monitor the agents and thereby reduce the agency costs. Part –B (1) COMPUTATION OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL How to cite Mr. Patrick Brennan, Papers

To what extent does personality influence management style free essay sample

The aim of this essay is to analyse how personality traits can affect the way people are led by their leaders. As it may be possible that as many different leaders, there are many ways to lead people. The definition of leadership is commonly known as an â€Å"ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals â€Å"(Robbins, p. 156). I believe that it is necessary for leaders to posses this ability, to become as effective as possible in an organisation/workplace or even their subordinates to complete entrusted tasks and goals in a perfect manner. Furthermore leaders are seen as people who are able to have authority and control and tend to develop their own individual style. According to Matthew J. Robinson (2010, p. 32), the most productive leadership style is contingent on the personnel traits of those who manage people; these individuals ultimately should select and adopt a style which would be the most efficient for the situation. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent does personality influence management style? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The four general leadership styles that have been identified (Mondy, Shaplin and Premeaux, 1991, cited on humankinetics. com, 2013) are autocratic, democratic, participative and laissez-faire. In line with the way if managing subordinates, I would also link them to theory of â€Å"X and Y† (Douglas McGregor, 1960, cited on humankinetics. com, 2013). This theory is a description of two types of employee motivation. Theory X states that the average person dislike work and would more likely avoid it. Therefore, to achieve organisational objectives, most people need to be coerced to work towards them. Furthermore, the person avoids responsibilities and relatively un-ambitious. On the other hand, theory Y states that people are committed to achieve the company’s objectives without external control or threat of punishment. They also often seek responsibilities and accept established tasks ( HYPERLINK http://www. businessballs. com www. businessballs. com ). Based on these â€Å"it is important to appreciate the usefulness of need hierarchy when trying to manage a workforce† (Maund, p. 99). In my opinion, it can be also extremely useful when planning the incentive system in the company. Interestingly, this theory also depends on the approach of the leaders and the way in which its workers receive it. The leaders tend to use the certain tactics depending on what tasks they wish to accomplish ( HYPERLINK http://www. leadership-expert. co. uk www. leadership-expert. co. uk). The effectiveness of these tasks largely depends on what style of directing they choose. In autocratic style nobody can dispute the fact that authority is in one person’s hands and it may cause dissatisfaction among the employees (HYPERLINK http://www. buzzle. comwww. buzzle. com). This management style leads to a very high efficiency in the working group. However, its quality and motivation to work is low. Authoritarian leaders make independent decisions with just little or no input from the group members. It therefore links to McGregor’s X orientated style. The second and probably the most efficient leadership style is democratic which allows employees to take part and have greater involvement in decision-making process. Their opinions are taken into consideration and used to delegate certain tasks to attain organisation’s goals. On the contrary, it may be seen as a weakness so â€Å"leaders may lose an ultimate control as they become more a part of the team (Mullins, p. 37). However, it demonstrates employees as having more of theory Y orientation, which results in higher employee motivation in order to successfully implement new procedures and systems within the workplace. The other types of the leaders who view their subordinates as theory Y orientated are those who lead participative style of management. Even though, they also encourage rely on opinion of their followers, they maintain the final decision making authority. Although commonly recognised style laissez-fair appears to have genuine opinion of the least productive, in the same way could be described as the most challenging and the most motivating out of all four. Leaders offer an incredible autonomy and trust to their subordinates in a way where they rarely interfere in workers performance and allowing them to make decisions. Nevertheless this style implies the absolute hand-off approach, it is in company’s interest to follow the most important aspect as to recruit the highly motivated and skilled employees in order to effectively accomplish given tasks. Another way to describe the management styles is by looking into scientific, classical and relationship approaches. Each of them has a specific ways of developing the leadership and was propounded by the individuals. According to Frederic Taylor in 1900, the scientific management style also known as â€Å"taylorism† if â€Å"individuals were given precisely defined set of tasks† with† clear set of objectives† then â€Å"they would calculate the benefits of improving their output and their productivity would rise† (Maund,p. 94). Other principals indicated that to perform each job with the standard methods should be developed. Taylor believed that each trained worker with the sufficient support would determine the best way of performance. The modification on the scientific approach was propounded by Henri Fayol in the 1920s. As such it is popularly known as â€Å"fayolism† or classical management style. Its 5 fundamental principals were described as planning, organising, command, coordinating and control. Nowadays following these rules may play a crucial role in terms of achieving continued success and reaching goals (www. gwhatis. com). In my opinion, leaders who follow the both of the above management styles would also be classed as the autocratic characters as the main principal and concerns are profits and they are production-orientated. Certainly the opposite way of approach was presented in Elton Mayo’s theory in early 1930s. His studies concluded that â€Å"worker’s behaviour and sentiments were closely related† and that â€Å"group standards were highly effective in establishing individual worker output† as well as â€Å"money was less a factor in determining worker output than were group standards, sentiments and security† (Robbins. p. 105). Consequently, the focus should be concentrated on â€Å"providing employees with the required amenities† (HYPERLINK http://www. buzzle. comwww. buzzle. com ) as when people then feel more valued and they work better. Nowadays, each leader’s style differs and consists of various factors but the one common one is their personality traits. According to Kendra Cherry, personality is â€Å"made up the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviours that make a person unique†. Personality â€Å"arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life† ( HYPERLINK http://www. psychology. about. com www. psychology. about. com ). As a result, the formation of a personality of men is the ability to process incoming information so as to form a picture of the world and themselves and the ways to respond to people and situations. It determines the course of actions. Each personality types bring both the good and the bad aspects of character. Throughout the history, different researchers in different ways tried to understand human nature and to characterize it by looking for certain patterns and similarities between people. Probably the oldest known theory of personality built the Greek physician Hippocrates. â€Å"Moods† defined the four fluids contained in his opinion in human body. Hippocrates also claimed that according to their proportion of people have different dispositions. He distinguished four personality traits: sanguine (Lat. Sanguis), phlegmatic (Gr. Phlegm), choleric (Gr. Cholesterol) and melancholic (Gr. Melas Chole). Observing the behaviour of individuals in terms of their personality leads me to the conclusion that the representative of each type has its way to perform certain tasks at work and also influence the behaviour of others. It leads to believe that these personality traits could also fit in connection with the leadership styles. For example, leaders with the style of Sanguine really like to live and work with the group. They have great contact with people, not only with those who already know each other but also with those who have just met. Establishing the new contacts comes to them with great ease. Therefore Sanguine leaders work best in these positions, which need to communicate with a large number of people. They are perfectly able to present the company on a broad forum. Besides Sanguine has a positive influence on the atmosphere prevailing in the band and is well able to motivate the others to work. Undoubtedly, in situations requiring high regularity and patience at work, Sanguine leaders will not feel the best. Also in such cases, leaders are isolated from a group of co-workers and will have to work alone. This kind of leadership can be easily compared to democratic style where leaders are open for cooperation with their subordinates. On the contrary, the specific type of autocratic leader can be seen in the Choleric traits. Those are typical leaders who work quickly and they seek to dominate others. Their manners of speaking, gestures are a proof of this. Therefore the choleric are usually well suited for managerial positions. One of the Choleric’s features is that when they have a new task to complete, they quickly develop the plan in their head and take it to work without looking too much at theirs superiors or colleagues. In addition, the conflicts are possible because Choleric will not care about the doubts and opinions of other contributors. Spitfire also does well in difficult situations of crisis whereas jobs requiring patience, analysis of tables filled with columns of numbers are not very satisfactory. Due to analytical skills, regularity, order and patience I would identified the participative leader to the Melancholic traits. They will be melancholic in their environment maintained rigorous even order. Melancholic feels good at work when all of its tasks are carefully planned and described, while it is lacking dynamics in action and quick decision- making. These people tend to analyse the problem to the smallest detail. The last Phlegmatic personality trait could be combined with the laissez-faire leadership style due to their calm and composure at work, not many enemies and excellent ability to resolve conflicts. They carry out their jobs the best when there is no pressure of time. Apart from Hippocrates’ theory regarding personality, another famous one has been developed by Sigmund Freud. His â€Å"Structure of Personality consists of Id, Ego and Super Ego. Freudian Theory is the representation of the interrelationship among the Id, Ego and Super Ego (Hiriyappa, 2012). This mean they interact closely with each other and it is impossible to separate their effects. Human behaviour is a result of the interaction of three systems psyche. Id is already present at birth. It stores entire human psychic energy and operates according to principle of pleasure and avoids pain. The second running of the mind which grows on the ground Id is Ego. Ego is guided by the principle of reality and represents the mind, the intellect, planning, and self-control. The man who wants to experience the subjective satisfaction (ID) must execute them using his mind (EGO). The third structure of personality is the Super Ego that develops the latest in human development and represents morality, conscience. With the Super Ego arouses among us positive feelings-pride (if we live according to the moral principles) or negative-shame (when we break these rules). Ego in order to protect our well being at the moment of conflict between the desires of the Id and Super Ego requirements provides us with the tools in the form of defence mechanism. One of the newer concepts about the personality is Costa and McCrea’s model also known as â€Å"Big Five† (1984). It differentiates personality types based on the intensity of the five substances: Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. Leaders who want to be the most successful will be seeking in scoring the highest in all five dimensions. I would imagine an excellent leader being creative and curious in dimension of openness, responsible and persistent in conscientiousness, assertive and sociable in extroversion, also cooperative and trusting in agreeableness and finally self-confident and secure in dimension of neuroticism. Upon the described reflections about the leadership styles and personality traits, in my conclusion not all the effective and successful leaders demonstrate the same personality traits. I believe that personality traits shape how a leader is seen and how a leader reacts in to an organisation.