The Causative Agent Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome...

Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, is the causative agent of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Currently, there are two types of HIV isolated, HIV-1 and HIV-2, which are both retroviruses and able to perform reverse transcriptase (Leboffe 2011). While HIV-1 is spread throughout the world, HIV-2 is confined to West Africa and is better protective against the progression to AIDS. Genome of HIV-1 only contains nine genes. It is transmitted by body fluids such as blood, breast milk, semen, and vaginal secretions. Its mode of transmission is via contaminated blood either by, IV drug use, sexual transmission, mother to child, blood transfusion or occupational risk. It infects 34 million people in a year worldwide, with approximately 1.8 million death. In the United States, the population infected with HIV is approximately 1.2 million people and one out of five people are unaware of the infection. Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the causative agent of HIV disease. It is 9.3 Kb pos itive sense RNA virus and 100 nm in diameter. HIV has no animal reservoirs and only infects humans (Leboffe 2011). History The origin of HIV-1 is a closely related chimpanzee virus that first infected humans in Central Africa in a first half of the 20th century (Cachay 2016). Some of the events that together made up rapidly enlarging and increasingly interconnected pools for transmission of pathogens during 1960-1970 were blood product industries, IV drug use, the sexualShow MoreRelatedOverview of HIV AIDS704 Words   |  3 PagesOverview of HIV/AIDS 1.1.1 Discovery Records show that Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first observed in the United States in the early 1980’s among healthy young intravenous drug users and gay men, who came down with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP), opportunistic cryptococcal or cytomegalovirus infections and some rare malignancies like Kaposi’s sarcoma that are known to occur in patients with compromised immune system (1). The rising incidences of PCP infections and Kaposi’sRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome1477 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome In 1981, the first cases in the United States of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) developed in Los Angeles and New York (Fraser, Burd, Liebson, Lipschik, Peterson, 2008). The illness presented itself among several homosexual males who developed rare opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma (Sharp Hahn, 2011). At the time, medical professionals deemed the infections to beRead MoreAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1289 Words   |  6 PagesIrrefutably, the immune system is ones’ shield against pathogens, ones’ knight in shining armor that confronts intruders. Over time the immune system can deteriorate, and that comes with age and declining health. Other times the immune system fights against itself causing autoimmune diseases that may or may not do irreparable harm. And sometimes, immune deficiency can be acquired. This is the case of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a disease where the immune system depreciatesRead MoreEssay on Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases: HIV1281 Words   |  6 PagesEpidemiology Communicable Diseases HIV or the Human Deficiency virus is like other viruses including the flu, but the one thing that makes this virus so different than any other is that the body is unable to clear this one out completely. Once someone is infected, there is no cure. Over time, HIV can also hide or mask itself in the bodys cells. The cells within a persons body that fight off infection are called CD4 cells or T cells. HIV attacks these cells and copies or replicates itself insideRead MoreA Home Health Aide Encounters Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pages She asks them what may have caused this and that s when she is hit with the news, she has HIV, a virus that attacks the immune system and if left untreated could lead to AIDS. Her mind starts to race as she lays back down hoping this is just a horrible dream. Throughout this paper we will be discussing HIV, also known as human immunodeficiency virus and its causative agent, its reservoir, mode of transmission, possible prevention methods, characteristics, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatmentRead MoreBenefits Of A Voluntary Counselling Center ( Vct )1721 Words   |  7 Pagescontract the HIV virus. Pathophysiology Karin and Robert have stated that, Human immune deficiency syndrome virus (HIV) is the causative agent for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (AIDS) which is known to be a slow acting virus, thus one can live with it for a long time if she/he has had sexual intercourse with an infected person without knowing if other was/is infected, until one does a HIV test.Human immunodeficiency syndrome virus is sexual transmitted disease; it can be transmitted by blood transfusionRead MoreThe Epidemiology of Tuberculosis1579 Words   |  7 Pageswill have symptoms like a cough with possible sputum or blood, fever, chest pains, weakness, night sweats and weight loss. These symptoms can be mild for months which often delays treatment and results in exposure to others. Persons with compromised immune systems have a greater chance of the TB becoming active and causing illness. Tuberculosis can be cured with treatment and can be prevented as well. Places where humans are in close contact are the most high risk areas. Slums, prisons andRead MoreA Comparison Of Aids And Ebola Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesA comparison of AIDS and Ebola Doctors, as well as medical researchers, have often stated that there exist similarities as well as difference between HIV Aids and Ebola. The most notable similarity is that the two are viral conditions. Consequently, they can be compared based on characteristics common to viral diseases. The two spread through contract with body fluids of infected persons. Ebola and HIV are incurable illnesses that result in widespread stigma. However, both differ greatly despiteRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1683 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many different theories about how humans acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), but the CDC and WHO agree that it was likely passed from a chimp to a human in the 1930s or 1940s while the humans were hunting. The humans became exposed to chimpanzee blood during slaughter and the blood contained Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV). SIV doesn’t infect humans and HIV doesn’t infect chimpanzees, but it is thought that ev entually SIV adapted to HIV in humans. (I Know HIV, 2010) On SeptemberRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )2193 Words   |  9 Pagesimmunodeficiency virus was identified as a retrovirus as the cause of AIDS.1 Fig.1. Taxonomy and Classification of Human immunodeficiency virus. 2 Because HIV is a virus, there is less known about the general taxonomic classification of it, and as a result, classification of HIV is a different than other organisms. 2 The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). There are two phylogenetically distinct types of HIV referred to as

Sendsad Your Friends a Free Gifts Free Essays

Introduction In Malaysia, the foreign workers are come Malaysia to work from another country such as comes from Thailand, Indonesia, and each another. The foreign workers can be employed in the manufacturing, construction, plantation, agricultural, services and domestic help sector. Even in Malaysia, the foreign workers have been increase comes from another country to employ. We will write a custom essay sample on Sendsad Your Friends a Free Gifts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today, we are going to present on the causes, effects and ways to prevent about foreign workers comes to Malaysia to work. Body Causes Firstly, the causes of foreign workers comes Malaysia to work is exchange rate are bigger (MYR). They are hardworking to work. * The Malaysia economic is higher than their own country. Effect The first of foreign workers comes Malaysia to work is unemployment rate increase. * The local worker very difficult to find the jobs in Malaysia. * Local workers are do no to work likes manufacturing, construction, plantation, agricultural, services and each another. They want to give foreign workers to work hard. Advantages Foreign worker come and work in Malaysia will bring some advantages: * Increase Malaysia economy * Low wages or salary that pay to foreign worker Disadvantages Related reading: Disadvantages of Foreign Workers in Malaysia Foreign worker come and work in Malaysia will bring some disadvantages * Unemployment rate for Malaysia citizens will increase * Crime rate will be increase Problem Solving It have some ways to solving the problem of too much foreign worker work in Malaysia * Government lack of control or irresponsible * To reduce reliance on low wages Conclusion In conclusion, although foreign worker come and work in Malaysia will bring some advantages and disadvantages, our government have to think about the Malaysia citizen and increase the chances for Malaysia citizen to get a job. How to cite Sendsad Your Friends a Free Gifts, Essay examples

Tourism Planning Comparative Advantage

Question: Discuss about the Tourism Planningfor Comparative Advantage. Answer: Tourism planning helps in balancing and implementing the policies at the local and national level of a tourist organization, which helps in understanding the relations and the practices at the local level tourism planning (Sinclair-Maragh Gursoy, 2016). The tourism planning process is affected mainly by different managerial patterns such as top-down management where the superiors make the decisions that are necessary in the planning process and the subordinates to achieve the desired result carry out the implementation. The ambiguous institutional arrangements in the planning process helps in carrying it out in an institutional manner to be successful in implementing the plans. The arrangements may help in facilitating or inhibiting the process depending upon the nature of the plan (Marzuki Hay, 2013). Comparative advantage helps us in understanding the concepts and the abilities of a particular country to manufacture goods and services at a cost that is less than other countries. It simply means that the goods and services that are produced in the country is at a cheaper rate than the manufacturing cost of other countries. Many researchers have claimed that comparative advantage will arise only if the products or services that are produced in a country are cheaper than other countries, which will help in the economic development of that country. This will directly result in the development of the particular region. The term comparative advantage was first established by David Ricardo, which signified that the process would help in generating most of the products at a cheaper cost that the other countries (Komppula, 2014). It is an economic theory that helps in earning revenue for the business of the individuals or some organizations that is present in the country. The technologica l processes and the availability of the natural resources help in distinguishing the country from other countries. The comparative advantage in the economic theory does not compare the cost of production and other monetary cost but needs to lay focus on the opportunity cost according to the economic theories (Stylidis et al., 2014). In the case study, it can be seen that the Clipper Bay area is mainly focused on a single economy that is marine life, the exploration of the cultural heritage and the scenic beauty of the place. The government of the area is trying to boost up the economic growth by considering tourism as an option, which will help in increasing the earning of the place. The growth in the tourism sector will help in changing the quality of lifestyle of the local residents of Clipper Bay. The stakeholders need to identify the strengths that are present in the area and should capitalize on it for the development of the place. This will help in improving the economic condi tions of the local residents and boost the tourism industry (Bunakov et al., 2015). Sustainable development of tourism will help in developing a plan, which is flexible in nature. The development process is not limited to a particular process but keeps many alternatives to that process so that the developmental process may not get hampered in the middle. The process is politically and socially adjustable as it follows all the rules and regulations that has been laid down earlier (Weaver, 2014). The Clipper Bay area will benefit if the sustainable development approach is chosen because it will help in understanding the impacts on humans, culture and the environment due to tourism. Education will play an important role, as it will help in understanding the positive and the negative impacts of sustainable tourism. The children of the area need to be given proper education so that they can understand the impacts. The cost and distribution of sustainable tourism approach is fair as it helps in avoiding the monopolistic power that is present in the area (Bodosca Streimki ene, 2015). It will help in development of the domestic industries, as the investors of the development process will encourage the local people to carry on with their arts by offering them special incentives. This will help in attracting tourist, as the domestic industries will result in the direct influence and cooperation among the tourists and the local community. The employment level of the place and the local community will increase as they can shift from their fishing industry into many other forms of job when the tourism sector of Clipper Bay will be developed. The country will earn foreign currency, which will help in increasing the exchange rate policy of the place. This will result in the development of the economy directly and the local people will have more spending and purchasing capacity (Ellis Sheridan, 2014). According to Poudel, Nyaupane budruk (2016), it will also help in the infrastructural, communicational and transportation development because it will help in serving the needs of the local people. The involvement of government is necessary as it will help in attracting many investors who are willing to invest in this process. The process will help in involving all the major stakeholders in the decision-making process. The interests of the stakeholders need to be in balance so that they can jointly manage the issues with the help of similar views. It will help in the protection of the natural resources that is available in Clipper Bay. Management and proper thinking will help in designing the best ways in using the lands and the best methods that will help in preserving the environment. For the tourism industry to be established in the Clipper Bay area, the stakeholders need to play an important part. They include the investors such as government, private investors, tourist, the suppliers of different products and the local residents of the place. The stakeholders play an important role in the economic development of a particular region of a country. It can be seen that many research has been conducted and the result has given emphasis on the importance of participation of the stakeholders in developing the tourism sector. The key of success is development of the tourism sector also depends on the interaction with the local residents. They provide valuable feedback about the places as they travel in those areas on a regular basis (Ruhanen, 2013). The public sector helps in establishing policies and plans, which will help in setting the standards that it related to services and the various facilities. This sector helps in various functions such as establishing the rules and regulations on tourism in that area. They also help in the development of the infrastructure and conduct market research, which helps in promoting tourism in the area (Ellis Sheridan, 2014). Tourists will play an important part in the stakeholder business, as they will help in development of the place. The domestic tourists need to know about the place in a better way so that they can come and visit the place. This will give them a chance to give a better review about the newly developed place so that they can give reviews about the place. This will help in attracting foreign tourists in the Clipper Bay area. The stakeholders will help in maintaining the supply and demand of the infrastructural facilities and human resources so that it can create a positive impact on the minds of the tourists (Mowforth Munt, 2015). Sustainable tourism strategies need to be adopted by the stakeholders that will have a common interest and the mechanisms can be collaborated in a better way. The main issues that cause hindrances ion sustainable tourism such as resources, organizations and priorities need to be resolved so that there is no delay in the development of sustainable tourism (Ruh anen, 2013). The economic advantages are employment, which will be one of the factors for the people as they are mostly engaged in the fishing industry. The upcoming generation of the area can diversify in many jobs such as becoming tour guides or serve in the various restaurants that may be built in that area. It will help in boosting up the local industry that is present in the area apart from fishing that is weaving sector done by the women folk. This will help in the development of the economy in that area (Webster Ivanov, 2014). The spending capacity of the local people will increase largely as the cash flows will increase due to the tourist attraction. The lives of local people will change drastically and will help them in understanding the basic requirements, which will change their perspective. They will have a better lookout for items like clothing, food habits and medical care facilities. The inflow of foreign currency will help in the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the area. It will act as a multiplier in boosting up the economy of the area, as the money that will be earned from tourism will be injected back again for the development of the area (Murphy, 2013). The economy of the area will get diversified as the residents will not depend on fishing as the primary source of income. This will act as an insurance cover because during the bad phases when the people will not be able to scout the sea to supply fishes in the market, then they can rely on these incomes. A place like Clipper Bay may not survive on a single industry that is fishing. It also imposes a threat on the local community as they risk their lives whenever they go out in the sea. Thus, diversification will help them in getting new livelihoods (Webster Ivanov, 2014). The disadvantages will be that the local communities that are present in Clipper Bay will feel intrusion in their private lives, as tourists will begin to throng the pace. They may feel unsecure because the entry of tourists in their spaces will hamper the everyday lives of the local people. Another major disadvantage is the price of the products and the services become higher when tourism is promoted heavily in a place. When Clipper Bay will turn in to a booming tourist spot, the prices of the local commodities will increase heavily, which will affect the lives of the local people (Chaperon Bramwell, 2013). The socio-cultural advantage of tourism helps in establishing peace, as it helps in bringing the people close to one another. It helps in exchanging and understanding the different cultures between the tourists and the local community. This helps in increasing the mutual sympathy so that social stigmatism can be reduced. The development plan to attract tourist will help in the development of residents as well, as it will set a higher standard with respect to living conditions in the Clipper Bay area. The benefits that the local community will derive are that the infrastructural facility will improve. The transport and health facilities will also improve on a greater scale because of the development in tourism sector. Due to the inflow of tourists, the quality of food of Clipper Bay will also improve (Saarinen Rogerson, 2014). The impact of tourism will help in raising the awareness amongst the locals about the creation of natural value in that area. It brings a sense of pride among the locals and the need for conserving the area. The disadvantages will be the inflow of tourist in the area will have a demonstration effect on the locals, as they will take note of the materialistic possessions that the tourists will have. These will lead to the behavioral changes within the local people. these changes maybe positive in effect but it is seen that the changes turn out to be negative in nature. It disrupts the lives of the young adults as they tend to leave the village or the rural area and migrate to urban areas for the search of better jobs, which will help in changing their lifestyle. The women of the area are expert weavers, which help in creating art with respect to their cultures, tourism will have an impact on these as the cultural products and the festivals that they celebrate before the fishing season will become too much commercialized (Sharpley, 2014). The environmental advantages are that tourists can help by making financial contributions in the area. Since, the Clipper Bay area is a serene spot, there needs to be an entrance fee to the various parks. The amount that will be collected from these parks will help in the proper maintenance of these areas. This will ensure that the environment is protected to a certain extent. The rise of tourist activities will see an increase in the transports, which will ferry the tourists from the hotel and the airports. The hotels need to a fee parking area wherein the tourists have to pay for the transports. This will help in curbing down the pollution and increase the awareness of local transports such as tuk-tuks and rickshaws (Nunkoo Gursoy, 2016). It will help in spreading awareness about the environmental problems by bringing people in close contact with the nature and the environment. The tourists can also contribute to the government directly by paying various taxes that are related to environment. The government of Clipper Bay may impose taxes such as user fees, tax on sale or rent of recreational equipments. These taxes will help in collecting funds that will help in managing the natural resources that are available in the area (Hall Page, 2014). The disadvantages are that development of hotels and other accommodation facilities will increase the risk of high water consumption amongst the tourists. A place like Clipper Bay where only a people resides cannot afford the loss of water. The roads are not well developed to transport water on a regular basis. The hotels will have swimming pools and golf courses, which will help in attracting tourists. These will use up lots of water, which may lead to shortages and degradation in the water supplies. Since, the area survives on seafood; the growth of tourism will result in overfishing of the seas that will put pressure on the environmental balance of nature (Holden, 2016). Thus, it can be concluded from the above case study that the Clipper Bay area will definitely benefit from the impact of tourism. As tourists will come in to the area, it will help in the creation of demands of the local food that is available in their market and the art of weaving from the women. The economy of the area will improve largely due to the cash inflows from the tourists, which will help in raising the quality of life of the local residents. However, there are some constraints such as the impact on the environment will hamper the ecological balance of the place. The local residents will be able to get proper medical facilities, which would increase the life expectancy of the people. They would no longer be dependent only on a single industry as tourism will help in promoting diversification and people will have more purchasing power in their hands. The stakeholders will play an important part in developing the area, which will help in grabbing the attention of tourist. 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Local government: facilitator or inhibitor of sustainable tourism development?.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,21(1), 80-98. Saarinen, J., Rogerson, C. M. (2014). Tourism and the millennium development goals: perspectives beyond 2015.Tourism Geographies,16(1), 23-30. Sharpley, R. (2014). Host perceptions of tourism: A review of the research.Tourism Management,42, 37-49. Sinclair-Maragh, G., Gursoy, D. (2016). A conceptual model of residents support for tourism development in developing countries.Tourism Planning Development,13(1), 1-22. Sinclair-Maragh, G., Gursoy, D., Vieregge, M. (2015). Residents? perceptions toward tourism development: A factor-cluster approach.Journal of Destination Marketing Management,4(1), 36-45. Stylidis, D., Biran, A., Sit, J., Szivas, E. M. (2014). Residents' support for tourism development: The role of residents' place image and perceived tourism impacts.Tourism Management,45, 260-274. Weaver, D. (2014). 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