Hydrogen Technology Research essays

Hydrogen Technology Research expositions With the present economy, world circumstance, and anticipated ecological eventual fate of the petroleum product age a change should be made. Hydrogen power is a well known answer for the non-renewable energy source issue. There are anyway many gathering associated with this circumstance that should be considered. These gatherings incorporate architects, legislators, and the basic individual. Designers need to consider a few factors in their acknowledgment of hydrogen power. For one thing, the reading material says that hydrogen power makers are high in costs when contrasted with the modest non-renewable energy sources accessible today (Miller 409). This is valid, yet different variables should be mulled over. Counting that as the interest for hydrogen using machines expands, the gracefully will increment, and the cost for the machines will go down. So if the cost is caused now, it will diminish later on. Another basic issue that architects are essentially confronting now is capacity. There are a few prospects, yet all have their destructions. The most concerning issue confronting hydrogen stockpiling is that, Hydrogen gas isn't a vitality thick fuel (Princeton). This essentially implies a lot of hydrogen will yield a tad of vitality. So enormous volumes of hydrogen should be used so as to be viable. Hydrogen, be that as it may, isn't exceptionally simple to store in view of its incredibly low vanishing vitality level. This implies fluid hydrogen would take up huge amounts of vitality to be kept in fluid structure, which is wasteful. Innovation is as of now being tried that would store hydrogen in different mixes, from which hydrogen can be handily removed. This anyway could bring about hazardous mixes being delivered, and the mixes may likewise be too costly to possibly be utilized on a mass scale. One more issue that architects face is that hydrogen isn't discovered alone in nature. So it must be extricated from a compound. The most prevalently thought of approach to extricate hydrogen is through the el... <!

Current Trends in Leadership Essay Example for Free

Current Trends in Leadership Essay Presently a day heads are following a pattern of As one, which is a short expression yet it is loaded up with significance and motivation. In straightforward sense As one intends to summarize the individual activities into aggregate force. As per the article people can team up to accomplish uncommon outcomes together. Consistently individuals meet, team up from various nations, associations and ventures so that to cause the things to occur. In this, a few coordinated efforts are inadvertent, some are intentionally or now and then it utilizes web advances. Be that as it may, the essential thing explanation for these joint efforts or filling in as one marvel is to have a triumphant edge. What's more, this triumphant edge is normally dictated by the association that best fills in as one. Pioneers have included the expression as one which has changed its importance totally. For example working, it is an individual activity however when it is associated with â€Å"as one† the whole importance of both word and the expression has changed, for example functioning as one, which shows the intensity of cooperation in an association. Correspondingly winning as opposed to winning as one, more grounded versus more grounded as one. Presently they realize that wellsprings of motivations are interminable, simply think about the potential outcomes and accept as one, prevail as one. The meaning of initiative is developing, for example, * Some state initiative is about profitability, making representatives cooperate effectively. They state that incredible pioneer ought to get individuals to have a typical understanding around how to cooperate. * Some state initiative is about individuals. They state a leader’s work is to create people’s feeling of having a place with their gathering. They accept an extraordinary pioneer ought to get individuals to have a solid common character or feeling of what their identity is. * Some state initiative is about reason. They feel a leader’s work is to drive people’s pledge to follow up on the objectives of the association. An incredible pioneer gets individuals to have a solid feeling of directional force around what they have to do together. In any case, a genuine pioneer ought to include every one of these things. A few chiefs call it filling in as one and it speaks to the zenith of aggregate administration, or initiative that outcomes in a firm gathering of individuals cooperating successfully toward a shared objective or reason. As one may appear to be basically accessible to pioneers and their groups, however it doesn’t simply must be about inside collaborations. The idea is a beginning stage for all pioneers to see how they can apply explicit aggregate authority strategies to best accommodate their circumstances and difficulties. * Employee’s Trust in his Leader2: One out of four workers don't confide in their pioneer. What pioneers do so their workers trust them? What's more, how they realize that whether their representatives trust him or not? A pioneer ought to have responds to for these inquiries. As a pioneer, you can’t bear to evade trust among you and your representatives or colleagues. An absence of trust in pioneer brings about negative effect on staff maintenance, worker prosperity and execution. Trust requires an individual to have dependence and trust in the activities of another, with no assurance that he/she will act as wanted in kind. At the point when applied to administration, trust is a person’s ability to face a challenge for a pioneer with the desires that, in return, the pioneer will carry on in some ideal manner. To amplify the trust chiefs get from their workers, they show three characteristics. 1. Ability (Can they carry out the responsibility?); 2. Altruism (Do they care about me?); and 3. Trustworthiness (Are they legit?). Trustworthiness is the most significant part at 41 percent, the kindheartedness at 34 percent, at that point fitness at 25 percent. At the point when the objective is to expand the trust, pioneers must realize how to carry out their responsibilities well, yet it is considerably progressively significant for them to be thoughtful, steady and legit with their representatives. Pioneers not just show these three characteristics fair, altruistic and skillful, however they have likewise attempt to be believed to be so. Presently pioneers show trust in individuals around them. They tune in to their workers, identify with them, show their anxiety for the representatives, are straightforward with them, consistent with their promise, and treat them decently. Pioneers effectively oversee how they are seen by others. They attempt to interface their workers at an individual level, which could be as straightforward as warmly greeting them. There are clear connections between proficient human capital administration (HCM) best practices, (for example, statements of purpose, normal overviews and execution audits) and trust in authority. These practices, commonly of dynamic associations, and are additionally connected to levels of trust in authority. Representatives are twice as prone to believe their senior chiefs if the association has occupied with these practices. Furthermore, the a greater amount of these accepted procedures that the association takes part in, the more noteworthy the degree of representative trust in authority. End: Based on the investigations, I came to realize that various pioneers are following various patterns in their administration strategies. So there is no set pattern for initiative. Additionally various individuals have distinctive conclusion about their pioneers. Be that as it may, what I understood from my learning on these articles that to have a triumphant and serious edge, associations require pioneers who can rouse, inspire, direct, and so forth their workers to accomplish the company’s objective viably and effectively. Pioneers ought to likewise assemble their trust on representatives, so they can trust and accept their pioneers for better results and staff maintenance. Additionally I came to realize that pioneers are rehearsing to work in a group and as of now they are utilizing a pattern of As one, that is entire association is one and they are having a shared objective, goal and vision. Sources: 1. Administration Excellence, Art. Aggregate administration, March 2012 2. Administration Excellence, Art. Step by step instructions to pick up trust?, May 2012

Can Your Marriage Survive Infidelity

Can Your Marriage Survive Infidelity Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print Can Your Marriage Survive Infidelity? By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on February 02, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on February 02, 2020 kristian sekulic/E/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse The topic of infidelity and cheating spouses is everywhere.  We hear about it frequently in the media and have seen the marriages of friends or relatives that have been devastated by affairs. Its no surprise that many couples internally ask the question, How would I cope ? with such a situation if it were to happen to you. Its particularly common to also wonder if your own marriage could survive such a serious betrayal. Popular psychologist and self-help book author, Dr. Harriet Lerner writes about this in a PsychologyToday.com article, Will Your Marriage Survive the Affair? (2013).  She writes,  Keep in mind that an affair is not a terrible aberration that only occurs in unhappy marriages. It’s a myth that the “real reason” behind an affair is a faulty spouse or bad marriage. A sexually and emotionally distant marriage will definitely make an affair more likely, but it’s also true that affairs happen in excellent marriages as well. Affairs have many sources, and opportunity and work context are among the pre-disposing factors. Marriage can survive infidelity, but it is important to remember certain facts: Its not easyIt hurtsThere will probably be anger, tears, and depressionIt will take time to healIt will take a decision to trust againIt will take the cheater taking responsibility and not blaming his/her spouse for the affairIt will take the victim also taking responsibility for underlying problems in the marriageIt will take courageIt will require serious commitment from both of you to save your marriageIt is likely that you will need professional help to process what happened Many professionals have seen marriages not only survive infidelity but become better. It is true that a marriage can survive an extra-marital affair. But, this will only happen if both partners are willing to acquire and use the skills necessary to making their marriage successful.   Developing a new way of interacting requires you both to: have deep and meaningful conversationsexpress underlying vulnerable emotionstemper defensiveness, blame, denialexplore your underlying patterns  or vicious cycles of communicationbe willing to forgive hurtsbe completely honestlook at emotional baggage that may have gotten you to this place Some feelings that are prominent when a couple experiences cheating in their marriage include: ShameGuiltBlameAngerHurtDisappointmentRageEmbarrassmentForgivenessJealousyLustResentmentDenialMis-trust Some Marriages Should Not Be Saved Your marriage can survive this onslaught of feelings. However, some marriages are not meant to be saved. If the infidelity is one of many symptoms of domestic violence and/or emotional abuse in your relationship you will never feel safe enough to work through your problems. These are very entrenched issues that are often not changeable. It is challenging for the betrayed partner to know if he or she can give the spouse a second chance. If the infidelity was a one-time event, this is also quite different than someone with a pattern of ongoing cheating. If your spouse is a serial cheater, it may be time to throw in the towel. There are other positive signs to look for such as the spouse showing remorse and showing clear actions that the affair has ended.   The spouse can also be extremely transparent by supplying account passwords, allowing an app or GPS tracking, taking a lie-detector or be willing to sign a post-nuptial agreement. These suggestions might not work for everyone, but they are worth a consideration in the short-term while trying to work through infidelity. Where to Get Professional Help See out a licensed therapist or psychologist who specializes in working with couples. Be sure to ask about their expertise in helping with infidelity in particular. A place to start if you are still unsure if you want to save the marriage, or the affair is still going on, is a process called Discernment Counseling.  Some people find it better (or easier) to speak with their clergy. This may be a good initial step, but a professional counselor will be needed to help you work through the long-term healing process. Should Your Cheating Spouse Get Another Chance? Article updated by Marni Feuerman

Recrutiment Strategies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1229 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES On the whole approach to recruitment for the hiring of thriving employees have got to be tightly planned, sound researched, open to flexible thinking and pursue a team approach. Keeping high standards will let the company to seek out and employ extremely skilled individuals who are proficient of joining the team of companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ joining with others in achieving the objectives of the organization. The HR team keeping this in mind, ought to be also vigilant to not make the requirements of hiring so authoritarian as to source apprehension amongst possible candidates source them to discard their application leaving the corporation with a much reduced `team up of candidates to pick from.[ Boxall, P. Purcell, J. (2008).] Prior to beginning the process of hiring, all interested parties must meet to appraise the details of the hiring process. This would comprise a HR representative, 1-2 representatives from the department which is filling a vacancy and as several representatives from additional departments which will interface with the fresh hire. At the apex of the detailed needs must forever be the goals of organizations and how this place fits into these objectives. Next deliberation is a profound perceptive of the individuals dynamics within the structure of organizational. When a full perceptive of this constitution is voiced, it aids the hiring team in choosing amongst competent candidates. The fresh hire will be a team member which has beforehand instituted its motivation, and the fresh hire should fetch a like motivation to the place. The third deliberation would, of course, be the essential skills that they are looking for. Different fields of employment make use of diverse approaches when planning questions and interviewing individuals. For example Education would look for compassion, dedication, past examples of experiences of team building, creativity and innovation, to name a only some traits. Educators prefer a sustain structure that is in working and place, even though there are individuals in education who are keen to join a venture of educational in progress. Employing in education means looking to see if an individual is responsible for their part and do not need extra assistance in incorporating their ideas. A company looking to hire an engineer for a new overseas expansion might look for an adventurous spirit, while a company looking to hire an engineer for an established stateside project would look for stability and find qualified candidates who appreciate established structure in which to work. There is a wide variety of techniques needed for businesses who are hiring middle management, and different techniques for businesses which are hiring seasonal employees, and even additional diversity of techniques for businesses that are hiring CEOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s or further upper management. Every level of hire for a business looks for extremely diverse character dispositions and traits, in addition to expertise and backgrounds. Another attribute a business search would be glancing for is flexibility particularly in our existing economy. They require being proficient to comprehend and merge with any expansion, downsizing, and fresh products that the corporation may engage in. Business looks for dilemma solvers. In contrast of the three fields (engineering, education and business), the committee of hiring have got to deem what the candidates themselves are glancing for. An educator is typically not interested in instituting school the environment, nevertheless wants keenly to be free to institute the classroom environment and needs to be acquainted with that their goals and ideas will incorporate with the goals of schools. An engineer glances for a place where there will be co-workers who will be accessible for discussions in relation to variety of phases of a project and who recognize his field of expertise in engineerin g. A business hire classically looks for a concrete company with a great history of thriving innovation. They desire a company who remains stable while looking at a varying world and industry and constructing the essential adaptations. A clear vision and mission are notable to the majority business hires.[ Wilton, N (2011).] Hiring committees require to tender situations that the engineer or businessman can resolve. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What would you doà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is a huge beginning for seeing how they would move toward to solutions to ordinary challenges in the company. An educator must as well be presented with situational questions, however more of a individual skill level to a certain extent than an control or administrative level as the person, business or engineer may require to solve. An educator requires being capable to plainly communicate their training, ideas and goals in easily understood language. An educator needs to demonstrate how they function in team situations for educational environment improvement. Telling a potential hire that the school district is not going to be able to purchase textbooks for their area of teaching for three years and asking how they intend to deal with this shows how the educator thinks outside the box. Interviewers must listen for mature creative ideas so that they may know that the interviewee would probably use creative approaches in the classroom as well. Age and experience are two highly valuable traits in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education market.[ Dunford, B., Snell, S., Wright, P. (2001).] In hiring a teacher to fill a vacancy a hiring committee should consist of not only those who are in the same field, but others who might interface with the teacher to provide collaborative approaches to realistic teaching. Have ideas that are actually being considered for a novel approach, and see what they have to say about such ideas. For example, if the Social Studies department and English department are looking to provide real-world senior projects, and they want a mathematical or science element in these projects, ask the candidate how they would see themselves adding on to this type of project. Beyond the candidateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge of their subject matter, ask them how they feel about teachers incorporating socialization into the education of children and if they do this in their classrooms. How important is it for teachers to teach socialization in a math class? I would recommend employing the educator. Education is an important position for genuine world skills. There is an enormous deal of willingness and creativity to be element of a range of actions and activities that structure any flexible employment situation. Recognizing when a change is essential is part and package of any teacherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s training, adjustment is the majority essential skill that an educator or teacher have got to have. I recommend looking for an additional mature, skilled teacher to te nder the position to, one who renders fresh ideas and is keen and eager to adjust to hardships and pioneering approaches. Budgets are rigid and hiring an experienced teacher may be additional expensive than a region can pay for, however in the long run will help the area in view of the fact that the successful candidate will almost certainly wear many hats, be on numerous and various committees and willingly provide more than is asked of them. They communicate evidently and briefly and are competent managers. They are extremely flexible and are well educated. References Boxall, P. Purcell, J. (2008). Strategy and Human Resource Management (Management, Work Organisations). 2nd edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Dunford, B., Snell, S., Wright, P. (2001). Human Resources and the Resource Based View of the Firm. Journal of Advanced Human Resource Studies (CAHRS). Pgs 3-29 Wilton, N (2011). An introduction to Human Resource Management. London: Sage Publication Ltd. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Recrutiment Strategies" essay for you Create order

Newspaper And Other Traditional Sources Of Journalism

Rosina Gurung Professor Robert Obert Spring 2017 May 03, 2017 Q. â€Å"Newspaper and other traditional sources of journalism are becoming less and less able to financially sustain themselves. Given that a free press is widely considered essential to democracy, many groups are deeply concerned about this trend.† Traditional Journalism against New Modern Journalism Journalism is one of the most important part of mass communication around the world in this modern era. The era in which people connected with internet and technology is playing vital role in every human being. According to American Press Institute â€Å"Journalism is the activity of gathering information, assessing, creating and presenting news and information. It is also the product of†¦show more content†¦Technology has brought everyone close and made everyone’s life easier than before but it has affected journalism industry very critically. The sources of journalism today can be distinguish between traditional and modern bases. In this modern world to put in simple technique Journalism has been a casual activity by everyone around the world which is affecting not only journalism industry but also affecting traditional sources of journalism. Nowadays people are not reading newspaper, magazines for news and not listening to radio or watching news on television, and the reason is new technology that provide faster news in their cell phones and through internet which is affecting economically traditional sources of journalism such as Newspaper, Radio, Television News channels and documentary makers. Since the world is changing, change is the part of life and new system or new technology is introducing in journalism, it is making risk for the existing sources of journalism to be in industry, people who are in the industry. Traditional News Sources sometimes referred to as old or mainstream media; radio and television qualify as traditional source whereas Non-traditional News Sources: sometimes referred to as new media, and oftentimes categorized as electronic; non-traditional news sources include social media (websites and applications used for social networking), as well as news sources that can be accessed on the Internet. Before the internet wasShow MoreRelatedThe Rise And Fall Of Traditional Journalism1283 Words   |  6 PagesJournalism is gathering, processing, and dissemination of news, and information related to news, to an audience. The word applies to the method of inquiring for news, the literary style which is used to disseminate it, and the activity (professional or not) of journalism. With the invention of complicated printing technology in the 1870s, photographic images were possibly created for the reproduction in newspapers and magazines. Then a hundred years later, the newspaper industry reached its apexRead MoreThe Journalism And Media Staff1511 Words   |  7 Pages According to PEW Research Center: Journalism and media staff â€Å"The threat to newspapers now appears from nearly every indicator. From 1950 through 1999, for instance, newspaper revenue grew seven percent a year. From 2000 through 2006, by contrast, it has grown by just 0.5%. Then in the first quarter of 2006, growth was even less: 0.35%.† Though online ad revenues continue to rise, they have been recently description for just 5% of all newspaper company revenue. In addition to inactive and notRead MoreThe Decline of Journalism as a Profession914 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The belief that journalism is in decline has triggered major alarms, because society needs an informational environment that is easily available to all citizens such as newspapers. There is a large body of journalist that suggests that if television has taken over from the press as our main source of news this may limit our capacity to learn about public affairs; newspapers are believed to be far more effective than television at conveying detailed information necessary to understandRead MoreCitizen Journalism Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesCitizen journalism is the concept of average citizens playing an active role in the media. Blogging, social networks and participatory news sites have helped to contribute to the growth of citizen journalism. The idea of reporting instantly from any place at any time has grown to become a key tool in journalism today. A blog is a regular informal entry by an individual commenting on news stories or describing an event. They can range in any topic from fashion to politics. A blogger can remove orRead More The Impact of Electronic Media and the Internet on Print Media1550 Words   |  7 Pagesand impact of current technology of the electronic media and World Wide Web on print media, and how future developments in technology will affect the future direction of the traditional newspaper. The way in which â€Å"Bloggers† have influenced traditional journalism will also be explored and how this has affected the journalism profession. In addition, the negative impacts of how the electronic media is being used as a political forum will also be investigated. Finally, the author will predict theRead MoreMedia And Broad Casting Mass Media903 Words   |  4 PagesFor a long time, people receive news on the printed source such as newspaper, magazine which published by newspaper company or publishin g company. A little while a go, people got another news source which are radio and television. Most country start with public broad casting and while later, the radio or television company established and start broadcasting own programs. Both literary media and broad casting mass media are mostly driven by big company and each of those company has own political stanceRead MoreNews Of The 21st Century : The Evolution Of Necessity1551 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss how gathering, accessing and paying for news is evolving to survive using a range of sources and specific examples to illustrate your argument. Introduction A new form of journalism based on new media is changing the core of news production and consumption. Rebelling against the news models of the past as news migrates onto an online platform. News values are changing even in the ABC and other conventional news outlets. These changes are a response to the external factors that impactRead MoreThe And Skeptics : Evaluating The Credibility Of Mainstream And Citizen Journalism1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of journalism has always been regarded with skepticism. People are not sure which newspapers or news stations to trust. Naturally, the audience gravitates towards mainstream news providers like CNN or The New York Times. These sources, along with many others, have been accepted for their credibility. Recently, however, another source has been capturing the audience’s attention. This source is known as citizen journalism, and its contributions to society have had a huge impact. WhetherRead MoreHow Does Social Media Affect The Way Journalists Gather Information?1466 Words   |  6 PagesJournalism in the ways that it is produced, distributed, and used has changed within the last two decades. With the emergence of new tools and practices, journalists are experiencing a change that bring news ways to produce news stories and a redefines professional journalism. Readership in print journalism has significantly went down with the rise of Internet, bringing many questions: How does social media affect a newsroom? How does social media affect the way journalists gather information? AndRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Journalism1742 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has had a huge impact on the way that journalism is practiced and the way that the general public perceive news in the present day. This dissertation aims to identify and explore the use of the different social media platforms, focusing on the impact that the rise of social media has had on journalism practices. In addition, this paper will examine the public’s responses to the news that they receive through social media platforms. Examples of social media platforms that this dissertation

Mr. Patrick Brennan Free Essays

As Mr. Patrick Brennan is a very young business person and having better aspirations, it is not better for him to retain his establishment under the Proprietorship structure. Considering the growth shown in his business graph, I advice Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Mr. Patrick Brennan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Brennan to get your organization incorporated as soon as possible. I hereby point out three general advantages that the corporate structure has over the proprietorship structure. (a) First of all, when a firm is incorporated it becomes a distinct legal entity. Its life commences from the date of incorporation. It enjoys all the legal privileges laid down by the respective countries. (b) Secondly, it acquires a perpetual succession. The members may come and go, but it goes on for ever, unless it is wound up. (c) Its property is not the property of the shareholders. The shareholders have a right to share in the profits of the company when realized and divided. Likewise, any liability of the company is not the liability of the individual shareholders. (2) A characteristic feature of corporate enterprise is the separation between ownership and management as a corollary of which the latter enjoys substantial autonomy in regard to the affairs of the firm. In the corporate structure shareholders are the owners of the enterprise and the management is the agent of the owners. The shareholders delegate the decision making authority to professional management on the premise that the latter will work in the interest of the former. In order to ensure that management would take optimal decisions compatible with the shareholders’ interests of value maximization, of course, they have to be paid incentives. Certainly, there may also arise agency problems in terms of conflicts of interests. Policies to mitigate the agency problems do, of course, involve cost. However, this is the price that the owners have to pay to harmonize the conflicting goals between them and the management of the enterprise. But, there is no need of worry Mr. Brennan because in order to minimize the agency problems and agency cost, you can arrange certain provision for appropriate incentives and for monitoring of agents. By auditing the financial statements and limiting decision making by the management you can easily monitor the agents and thereby reduce the agency costs. Part –B (1) COMPUTATION OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL How to cite Mr. Patrick Brennan, Papers

To what extent does personality influence management style free essay sample

The aim of this essay is to analyse how personality traits can affect the way people are led by their leaders. As it may be possible that as many different leaders, there are many ways to lead people. The definition of leadership is commonly known as an â€Å"ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals â€Å"(Robbins, p. 156). I believe that it is necessary for leaders to posses this ability, to become as effective as possible in an organisation/workplace or even their subordinates to complete entrusted tasks and goals in a perfect manner. Furthermore leaders are seen as people who are able to have authority and control and tend to develop their own individual style. According to Matthew J. Robinson (2010, p. 32), the most productive leadership style is contingent on the personnel traits of those who manage people; these individuals ultimately should select and adopt a style which would be the most efficient for the situation. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent does personality influence management style? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The four general leadership styles that have been identified (Mondy, Shaplin and Premeaux, 1991, cited on humankinetics. com, 2013) are autocratic, democratic, participative and laissez-faire. In line with the way if managing subordinates, I would also link them to theory of â€Å"X and Y† (Douglas McGregor, 1960, cited on humankinetics. com, 2013). This theory is a description of two types of employee motivation. Theory X states that the average person dislike work and would more likely avoid it. Therefore, to achieve organisational objectives, most people need to be coerced to work towards them. Furthermore, the person avoids responsibilities and relatively un-ambitious. On the other hand, theory Y states that people are committed to achieve the company’s objectives without external control or threat of punishment. They also often seek responsibilities and accept established tasks ( HYPERLINK http://www. businessballs. com www. businessballs. com ). Based on these â€Å"it is important to appreciate the usefulness of need hierarchy when trying to manage a workforce† (Maund, p. 99). In my opinion, it can be also extremely useful when planning the incentive system in the company. Interestingly, this theory also depends on the approach of the leaders and the way in which its workers receive it. The leaders tend to use the certain tactics depending on what tasks they wish to accomplish ( HYPERLINK http://www. leadership-expert. co. uk www. leadership-expert. co. uk). The effectiveness of these tasks largely depends on what style of directing they choose. In autocratic style nobody can dispute the fact that authority is in one person’s hands and it may cause dissatisfaction among the employees (HYPERLINK http://www. buzzle. comwww. buzzle. com). This management style leads to a very high efficiency in the working group. However, its quality and motivation to work is low. Authoritarian leaders make independent decisions with just little or no input from the group members. It therefore links to McGregor’s X orientated style. The second and probably the most efficient leadership style is democratic which allows employees to take part and have greater involvement in decision-making process. Their opinions are taken into consideration and used to delegate certain tasks to attain organisation’s goals. On the contrary, it may be seen as a weakness so â€Å"leaders may lose an ultimate control as they become more a part of the team (Mullins, p. 37). However, it demonstrates employees as having more of theory Y orientation, which results in higher employee motivation in order to successfully implement new procedures and systems within the workplace. The other types of the leaders who view their subordinates as theory Y orientated are those who lead participative style of management. Even though, they also encourage rely on opinion of their followers, they maintain the final decision making authority. Although commonly recognised style laissez-fair appears to have genuine opinion of the least productive, in the same way could be described as the most challenging and the most motivating out of all four. Leaders offer an incredible autonomy and trust to their subordinates in a way where they rarely interfere in workers performance and allowing them to make decisions. Nevertheless this style implies the absolute hand-off approach, it is in company’s interest to follow the most important aspect as to recruit the highly motivated and skilled employees in order to effectively accomplish given tasks. Another way to describe the management styles is by looking into scientific, classical and relationship approaches. Each of them has a specific ways of developing the leadership and was propounded by the individuals. According to Frederic Taylor in 1900, the scientific management style also known as â€Å"taylorism† if â€Å"individuals were given precisely defined set of tasks† with† clear set of objectives† then â€Å"they would calculate the benefits of improving their output and their productivity would rise† (Maund,p. 94). Other principals indicated that to perform each job with the standard methods should be developed. Taylor believed that each trained worker with the sufficient support would determine the best way of performance. The modification on the scientific approach was propounded by Henri Fayol in the 1920s. As such it is popularly known as â€Å"fayolism† or classical management style. Its 5 fundamental principals were described as planning, organising, command, coordinating and control. Nowadays following these rules may play a crucial role in terms of achieving continued success and reaching goals (www. gwhatis. com). In my opinion, leaders who follow the both of the above management styles would also be classed as the autocratic characters as the main principal and concerns are profits and they are production-orientated. Certainly the opposite way of approach was presented in Elton Mayo’s theory in early 1930s. His studies concluded that â€Å"worker’s behaviour and sentiments were closely related† and that â€Å"group standards were highly effective in establishing individual worker output† as well as â€Å"money was less a factor in determining worker output than were group standards, sentiments and security† (Robbins. p. 105). Consequently, the focus should be concentrated on â€Å"providing employees with the required amenities† (HYPERLINK http://www. buzzle. comwww. buzzle. com ) as when people then feel more valued and they work better. Nowadays, each leader’s style differs and consists of various factors but the one common one is their personality traits. According to Kendra Cherry, personality is â€Å"made up the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviours that make a person unique†. Personality â€Å"arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life† ( HYPERLINK http://www. psychology. about. com www. psychology. about. com ). As a result, the formation of a personality of men is the ability to process incoming information so as to form a picture of the world and themselves and the ways to respond to people and situations. It determines the course of actions. Each personality types bring both the good and the bad aspects of character. Throughout the history, different researchers in different ways tried to understand human nature and to characterize it by looking for certain patterns and similarities between people. Probably the oldest known theory of personality built the Greek physician Hippocrates. â€Å"Moods† defined the four fluids contained in his opinion in human body. Hippocrates also claimed that according to their proportion of people have different dispositions. He distinguished four personality traits: sanguine (Lat. Sanguis), phlegmatic (Gr. Phlegm), choleric (Gr. Cholesterol) and melancholic (Gr. Melas Chole). Observing the behaviour of individuals in terms of their personality leads me to the conclusion that the representative of each type has its way to perform certain tasks at work and also influence the behaviour of others. It leads to believe that these personality traits could also fit in connection with the leadership styles. For example, leaders with the style of Sanguine really like to live and work with the group. They have great contact with people, not only with those who already know each other but also with those who have just met. Establishing the new contacts comes to them with great ease. Therefore Sanguine leaders work best in these positions, which need to communicate with a large number of people. They are perfectly able to present the company on a broad forum. Besides Sanguine has a positive influence on the atmosphere prevailing in the band and is well able to motivate the others to work. Undoubtedly, in situations requiring high regularity and patience at work, Sanguine leaders will not feel the best. Also in such cases, leaders are isolated from a group of co-workers and will have to work alone. This kind of leadership can be easily compared to democratic style where leaders are open for cooperation with their subordinates. On the contrary, the specific type of autocratic leader can be seen in the Choleric traits. Those are typical leaders who work quickly and they seek to dominate others. Their manners of speaking, gestures are a proof of this. Therefore the choleric are usually well suited for managerial positions. One of the Choleric’s features is that when they have a new task to complete, they quickly develop the plan in their head and take it to work without looking too much at theirs superiors or colleagues. In addition, the conflicts are possible because Choleric will not care about the doubts and opinions of other contributors. Spitfire also does well in difficult situations of crisis whereas jobs requiring patience, analysis of tables filled with columns of numbers are not very satisfactory. Due to analytical skills, regularity, order and patience I would identified the participative leader to the Melancholic traits. They will be melancholic in their environment maintained rigorous even order. Melancholic feels good at work when all of its tasks are carefully planned and described, while it is lacking dynamics in action and quick decision- making. These people tend to analyse the problem to the smallest detail. The last Phlegmatic personality trait could be combined with the laissez-faire leadership style due to their calm and composure at work, not many enemies and excellent ability to resolve conflicts. They carry out their jobs the best when there is no pressure of time. Apart from Hippocrates’ theory regarding personality, another famous one has been developed by Sigmund Freud. His â€Å"Structure of Personality consists of Id, Ego and Super Ego. Freudian Theory is the representation of the interrelationship among the Id, Ego and Super Ego (Hiriyappa, 2012). This mean they interact closely with each other and it is impossible to separate their effects. Human behaviour is a result of the interaction of three systems psyche. Id is already present at birth. It stores entire human psychic energy and operates according to principle of pleasure and avoids pain. The second running of the mind which grows on the ground Id is Ego. Ego is guided by the principle of reality and represents the mind, the intellect, planning, and self-control. The man who wants to experience the subjective satisfaction (ID) must execute them using his mind (EGO). The third structure of personality is the Super Ego that develops the latest in human development and represents morality, conscience. With the Super Ego arouses among us positive feelings-pride (if we live according to the moral principles) or negative-shame (when we break these rules). Ego in order to protect our well being at the moment of conflict between the desires of the Id and Super Ego requirements provides us with the tools in the form of defence mechanism. One of the newer concepts about the personality is Costa and McCrea’s model also known as â€Å"Big Five† (1984). It differentiates personality types based on the intensity of the five substances: Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. Leaders who want to be the most successful will be seeking in scoring the highest in all five dimensions. I would imagine an excellent leader being creative and curious in dimension of openness, responsible and persistent in conscientiousness, assertive and sociable in extroversion, also cooperative and trusting in agreeableness and finally self-confident and secure in dimension of neuroticism. Upon the described reflections about the leadership styles and personality traits, in my conclusion not all the effective and successful leaders demonstrate the same personality traits. I believe that personality traits shape how a leader is seen and how a leader reacts in to an organisation.

The Tibetan Independence Movement essays

The Tibetan Independence Movement essays The Independence of Tibet is one of the hottest topics in the world today, undoubtedly due in part to the massive media exposure and attention given to the Dalai Lama and his movement in America. Recent Movies such as Kundun, The Wind Horse, and the extremely popular Seven Years in Tibet have had an astounding impact on the arousal of international awareness of Tibets situation with China. This impact and the establishment of the Tibetan Independence Movement as a major issue on the international platform has lead to the argument by supporters of Chinese rule of Tibet that interventionists have based their arguments on history according to Hollywood . Have these films swayed public opinion and perhaps even influenced Americas foreign policy regarding China? My answer would be yes. But to argue that it is the basis and the only knowledge of the relationship between Tibet and China is a vain attempt by the Chinese to portray the stance of most of the free world as the work of capitalist propaganda. As an American, I find it insulting that Many of the Chinese-over-Tibet supporters look upon Americans as being so easily influenced by the media that we would use a Hollywood production as the basis for promotion of Tibetan Independence described by one Chinese advocate: Humanitarian Interventionists and Benevolent Global Hegemonists, most of whom lack even a rudimentary understanding of Chinas long and complex history, share a particularly nasty trait. Many of these Globocops imagine because they have downloaded a few pages of seperatist propaganda from Tibet.org, and shed a tear or two while watching Seven Years in Tibet, that qualifies them as China experts. They believe this qualifies them to pass judgment about whether China deserves to remain intact or be forcibly Balkanized by the worlds only remaining superpower. Their attitude rivals that of the most contemptible 19th century imp...

Prehistoric Stone Tools Categories and Terms

Prehistoric Stone Tools Categories and Terms Stone tools are the oldest surviving type of tool made by humans and our ancestorsthe earliest date to at least 1.7 million years ago. It is very likely that bone and wooden tools are also quite early, but organic materials simply dont survive as well as stone. This glossary of stone tool types includes a list of general categories of stone tools used by archaeologists, as well as some general terms pertaining to stone tools. General Terms for Stone Tools Artefact (or Artifact): An artifact (also spelled artefact) is an object or remainder of an object, which was created, adapted, or used by humans. The word artifact can refer to almost anything found at an archaeological site, including everything from landscape patterns to the tiniest of trace elements clinging to a potsherd: all stone tools are artifacts. Geofact: A geofact is a piece of stone with seemingly human-made edges that resulted from naturally broken or eroded, as opposed to one that was broken by purposeful human actions. If artifacts are products of human behaviors, geofacts are products of natural forces. Distinguishing between artifacts and geofacts can be tricky. Lithics: Archaeologists use the (slightly ungrammatical) term lithics to refer to all  artifacts made of stone. Assemblage: Assemblage refers to the entire collection of artifacts recovered from a single site. An artifact assemblage for an 18th century shipwreck might include artifact groups such as arm s, navigational equipment, personal effects, stores; one for a Lapita village might include stone tools, shell bracelets, and ceramics; one for an Iron Age village might include iron nails, fragments of bone combs and pins. Material Culture:  Ã‚  Material culture is used in archaeology and other anthropology-related fields to refer to all the corporeal, tangible objects that are created, used, kept and left behind by past and present cultures. Chipped Stone Tool Types A chipped stone tool is one that was made by flint knapping. The tool maker worked a piece of chert, flint, obsidian, silcrete or similar stone by flaking off pieces with a hammerstone or an ivory baton. Arrowheads / Projectile Points: Most people exposed to American western movies recognize the stone tool called an arrowhead, although archaeologists prefer the term projectile point for anything other than a stone tool fixed to the end of a shaft and shot with an arrow. Archaeologists prefer to use projectile point to refer to any object affixed to a pole or stick of some kind, which has been fashioned for use as a weapon, out of stone, metal, bone, or other material. One of the oldest tools of our sad race, the projectile point was (and is) primarily used to hunt animals for food; but was also used to fend off enemies of one sort or another. Handaxes: Handaxes, often referred to as Acheulean or Achuelian handaxes, are the oldest recognized formal stone tools, used between 1.7 million and 100,000 years ago. Crescents: Crescents (sometimes called lunates) are moon-shaped chipped stone objects which are found fairly rarely on Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene (roughly equivalent to Preclovis and Paleoindian) sites in the Western United States. Blades: Blades are chipped stone tools which are always at least twice as long as they are wide with sharp edges on the long edges. Drills/Gimlets: Blades or flakes which have been retouched to have pointed ends may be drills or gimlets: they are identified by the usewear on the working end and are often associated with bead making. Chipped Stone Scrapers Scrapers: A scraper is a chipped stone artifact that has been purposefully shaped with one or more longitudinal sharp edges. Scrapers come in any number of shapes and sizes, and may be carefully shaped and prepared, or simple a pebble with a sharp edge. Scrapers are working tools, made to help clean animals hides, butcher animal flesh, process plant material or any number of other functions. Burins: A burin is a scraper with a steeply notched cutting edge. Denticulates: Denticulates are scrapers with teeth, that is to say, small notched edges that protrude out. Turtle-Backed Scrapers: A turtle backed scraper is a scraper that in cross-section looks like a turtle. One side is humped like a turtles shell, while the other is flat. Often associated with animal hideworking. Spokeshave: A spokeshave is a scraper with a concave scraping edge Ground Stone Tool Types Tools made from ground stone, such as basalt, granite and other heavy, coarse stones, were pecked, ground and/or polished into useful shapes. Adzes: An adze (sometimes spelled adz) is a wood-working tool, similar to an axe or hachet. The shape of the adze is broadly rectangular like an axe, but the blade is attached at a right-angle to the handle rather than straight across. Celts (Polished Axes): A celt is a small axe, often beautifully finished and used to shape wooden objects. Grinding Stones: A grinding stone is a stone with a carved or pecked or ground indentation in which domesticated plants such as wheat or barley or wild ones such as nuts and were ground into flour. Making a Stone Tool Flint Knapping: Flint knapping is the process by which stone (or lithics tools were and are today made. Hammerstone: A hammerstone is the name for an object used as a prehistoric hammer, to create percussion fractures on another object. Debitage: Debitage [pronounced in English roughly DEB-ih-tahzhs] is the collective term used by archaeologists to refer to the sharp-edged waste material left over when someone creates a stone tool (knaps flint). Hunting Technology Atlatl: The atlatl is a sophisticated combination hunting tool or weapon, formed out of a short dart with a point socketed into a longer shaft. A leather strap hooked at the far end allowed the hunter to fling the atlatl over her shoulder, the pointed dart flying off in a deadly and accurate manner, from a safe distance.

Management Strategies - impression management (IM) Essay

Management Strategies - impression management (IM) - Essay Example IM is also used when an individual wishes to maintain and create a specific identity. Often, an individual achieves the goal by exhibiting certain behaviors, both non-verbal and verbal, which causes others to view the individual as desired. Existing research about IM reveals that, it is a dynamic process, which occurs incessantly during interpersonal interactions (Merkl-Davies & Brennan 2007, p120). As people interact with others, they establish signals or cues that indicate how other people perceive them. Therefore, the underlying assumption of this study is to discuss the impression management strategies for performance management in both bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic organizations. According to Kaplan & Fisher (2009, p320), impression management is a goal-directed behavior in bureaucratic organizations. For instance, most job candidates engage into some forms of deceptive such as personality assessment to succeed in the interview process. Although deception is an issue affecting both bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic organizations, the truth of the matter is that many employees continue to use it to further their goals with the organizations. A research by Harris, Gallagher & Rossi (2013, p171) reveals that, most employees who engage into deception often gain organizations benefits such as promotions. In some instances, an employee may impress his/her supervisor by the fact that, he has a strong work background in the immediate field. In other instance, an employee may provide untrue information about his personality.

Capacity and Forecasting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capacity and Forecasting - Research Paper Example Too much capacity is just as bad as too little. According to Wikipedia (2011a), excess capacity can drain a firm’s resources and prevent investments in projects that are more profitable. Insufficient capacity on the other hand could lead to unsatisfied customer demands. Analysis of capacity utilization The information presented indicates that capacity utilization at EMC is 92% with varying rates of utilization in different processes. The graph in Figure 1 below provides a visual illustration of the range of utilization rates for different processes. Figure 1 The graph indicates that plastic molding has the highest utilization rate and blanking machine the lowest. It is uncertain as to how the 92% was arrived at. However, it is a high utilization rate which suggests that an increase in demand by 10 to 15 percent may not be easily met on a 40 hour week shift. Only plastic molding and finishing processes are above 80% capacity utilization machine, assembly and packaging is below that level. Before deciding on whether additional capacity is required the capacity available should be determined. ... There seem to be a bottleneck situation in molding and finishing. According to Goldman (n.d.) your bottleneck operation should never stop, it should be kept running during coffee breaks and lunch breaks. The impact of forecasts on future capacity needs According to Walonick (1993) a forecast is designed to assist in planning and making decisions in the present. However, regardless of the methods used there is no way to predict the future with certainty. Forecast could either suggest that we have more or less capacity than is required. If the forecast suggest that we need a higher level of capacity then this may mean that additional investments may have to be made in terms of space and equipment. It may also mean additional staff would have to be employed. However, there are a number of things that can be done in the short term until there is convincing information that an increase in demand is long term. Overtime work could be introduced on a regular basis, temporary contract workers could be employed or another shift could be introduced. While the things that can be done to increase capacity in the short term are relatively inexpensive, increasing capacity by building additional space is very costly if it is not fully utilized. EMC should be careful not to rush to permanently increase its capacity as there is a level of uncertainty in forecasting. Implications of incorrect forecasts There are two ways in which a forecast could possibly be incorrect. A forecast may suggest that more space as well as machinery and labor are required or it could possibly state that less of these elements are required. Incorrect forecasts could lead to unnecessary investments. Making

Workplace Monitoring Surveillance And Workplace Privacy Information Technology Essay

Workplace Monitoring Surveillance And Workplace Privacy Information Technology Essay Today business is being conducted electronically because internet access in every organization has become a business necessity. The internet, social networking, email, websites, forums, wikis, blogs, and instant massaging are the essential tools that an employee uses to communicate, collaborate and to do research work. But, these resources could be misused for private and illegal activities. As we all know the majority of all employers monitor employee arrival and departure time. Almost every organization, cash has been handled accurately. The majority monitor accuracy and quality of there employees work. Each and every employer expects maximum productivity from there employees. The employers think that the monitoring is not unreasonable; monitoring is commonly accepted as a business requirement. Still large number of organizations they do not monitor the manner in which the workers use there computers. The improper use of computer tools can have serious threats for an organization. In a computer base business environment lost of productivity wont be the only issue that an employers face how much time do they spent for none related activities? For instance, how much time were employees surfing the internet? What do they do during there time online? Play games, look for the perfect partner? How many none related emails that they got and send? By doing numerous none related work they waste valuable the time of the employees and network bandwidth of the company sometimes, employees get internal confidential information and data and use them for illegal purposes. Therefore, the monitoring in this regard should be highly considered. Personal surfing has become a nuisance for employers. Employees utilize computer tools for there leisure and pleasure within the normal working hours. A survey revealed that in an organization the lost time of an each employee is around 2.5 hour per worker. With the use of the number of work force and the hourly pay rate the total employee cost of cyber lacking could be estimated and it was a considerable amount. One of the security company, Sophose disclosed 60% of its uses accessed the social networking site, Face Book during the working hours. And that more than 25% of its uses accessed the site more that 10 times each day during working hours [Employee Computer PC Activity Monitoring Solution]. Around the world approximately there are fifty million Face Book users per day. And this number is increasing by 200,000 per day. How many cyberlackers are there in your organization and how much do they costing? The other important matter to be taken to consideration is Intellectual Prope rty Theft (IPT). Interconnected computers and mobile instruments provide new opportunity for people for access and steal data. These data could be conveyed to a laptop or a flash drive. Carnage Mellon Universitys software engineering institute has found 75% capital IPTs were done by internal machines in the staff. In recent case a research chemist has being admitted to stolen $400 Million worth of property data from his former employer DUPOINT [Employee Computer PC Activity Monitoring Solution]. Fraudulent often has access to very confidential information which can be misused by the employee or sold to a third party. It is stated that HSBC customer personal accounts were stolen up to $500,000 after the HSBC employee passed on data in to a criminal associate. [Employee Computer PC Activity Monitoring Solution]. Employers hold some form of legal liability and accountability for the actions done by there employees. According to the institute of e-policy, a considerable percentage of employers were prosecuted by courts due to improper use of electronic mail and web based technologies [Employee Computer PC Activity Monitoring Solution]. Therefore, monitoring employee activities is not a universal remedy to the above problems discussed. Introduction of Effective monitoring with an electronic policy could be implemented as a part of a risk management strategy. Computer Monitoring and Electronic Monitoring is rapidly to growing readably in world business. The technologies have become more powerful and easy today. It is inexpensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the rate of electronic monitoring in developed countries has increased considerably. In United States in 1999 the percentage of employer who electronically monitor there workers was 67%, in 2001 this number has increase to 78% by 2003 92% of employers were conducting some type of work place monitoring [National Work rights Institute]. This rapid growth of monitoring could be destroyed any sense of privacy as we know in American work place. In Srilanka the government embarked ambitious program that establish email and internet all government sector organization in 2003. Under this program they are equipped with a computer and a wide access to online environment has raised numerous privacy related questions for both employers and employees. In particular issues of email and internet usage and employee monitoring in the work place is an important matter to be taken in to consideration. And also issue of electronic surveillance in the work place has an impact on employee privacy rights. There are four categories of usage in organizations. Sending and receiving email, accessing and posting documents on the World Wide Web (WWW), sending and retrieving computer files which is known as File Transfer Protocol or FTP and joining electronic discussions such as news groups internet related chat groups. Email is a widely used internet service although many users are active in all categories. We could see two interest parties exist in an organization and two competing interests in the employment context. The employers right to conduct business in a self determination manner and the employees privacy interests or the right to be let alone. For employer and managers, employee monitoring is a necessity. It has been argued that email and internet monitoring in a work place are the most effective method to ensure a safe and secure working environment and to protect employees too. In addition to that, some argue with that monitoring may boost efficiency, productivity, customer service and allow more accuracy to evaluate employee performance [DeTienne, 1993]. Different types of monitoring systems could be implemented by the managers in there particular organizations. In a computer based work place employee key stroke speed and accuracy is commonly monitored by the employers. Other electronic devices such as video surveillance which detects employee theft and employee safety. Spying is a detective tactic. When there is suspicious activity within the organization, they use systems for tapping of phone calls, the frequency of phone calls and Badge system to locate the employee within the working hours. It is argued as to whether employee monitoring is advantages to the employee. Advantages could be identified a few in number, comparing to the number of disadvantages. Electronic monitoring is beneficial for the employee because it provides impartial method of performance evaluation and prevents interferences of managers feelings in an employee review. Data information collected by the electronic system offers uniform and accurate feedback on the past performance. Therefore electronic evaluation system would be the best performance appraisal based on the quality and quantity and accuracy of an employees actual work, rather than managers opinion. Where there are computers and electronic monitoring is available it provides flexible in-work locations convenient. Working hours by allowing employees to telecommunicate or use system available from the employer The advantages as well as the disadvantages are important to employees because advantage is helpful to employees disadvantages due to monitoring crates negative influence to the benefits of an employee. Some of the employers do monitoring by using law cost methods for better productivity and a good customer service. But the employers, those who really use modern methods to exerting control and power over employees. Electronic technology which uses for monitoring has made it easy of collecting private-data information that could be used negatively against the employees character or behavior and to take unfair decisions to harass the trouble maker and the union organizers within the organization. Fairness in how monitoring is implemented has to be considered. Whether the standers are reviewed as reasonable, the information collected should be work related and important for the employees quality of work life of day-to-day life and not other than anything else [Levy. M, 1994]. In this computerized world, where information and data are the most valuable consumer goods. Personal data is the life of the new economy when the process of information exchanges. For some businesses information is money and for this reason they buy and sell information derived from personal data. In the same way for some governmental and military organizations information and data are for their security purposes, for this reason, they manipulate personal data and information in the name of safety and public security. In both cases we could see that an individual or groups do not have always ability to control the flow of there personal information and data and are unable to determine for themselves when, how, and which personal information should be shared with others. Although information technology is related to privacy violation, that the privacy is not a new issue. It is not computes invade privacy but people who have the tendency in many ways to invade the privacy of others. Presently privacy problem seems become even worse, and information technologies such as network database, digital and tele cameras, microphone transmitters and monitoring hardware devices and software programs. The aim of these technologies to select different kind of data information for various purposes. However sometimes personal information and data is maintained without the permission of the individual and personal data travel on the super high way offering invaluable information and details to various parties from marketing companies to government agencies. Creation of electronic surveillance and monitoring in an organization, create unnecessary stress and pressure on them. Under these conditions heavy workloads and repeating functions leads them to social isolation and loss of job satisfaction. Under this type of working conditions a study revealed, that monitored employees suffered from physical and psychological health problems [Levy, 1994]. Employers today, depending the business they do, generally conduct monitoring in there organizations in order to increase productivity and customer care. Most of the employers initiate electronic monitoring which results devastating to employee privacy. Employee monitoring systems frequently record personal communications while at work. Internet monitoring is very invasive especially in a computer environment. It would be easier to communicate through internet than on there office telephone or email. Most invasive of all is video monitoring. These hidden video cameras installed in every were of the work place or factory such as locker rooms and bathrooms and there stoles. Some employers dont know when and what they are being monitored or watched. Some employees know that they have a standard employer who reserves the right to monitor anything at any time. While other employers do not know whether it is there email, voicemail, web access or hard drive or whether they are being monitor ed at all. Therefore, it is clear that the privacy at the work place is at a risk. Therefore, before initiating a program of monitoring employers carefully should consider effective solutions other than monitoring. Business field should have properly trained managers who are capable to deal with sensitive employee subjects. Supervising staffs can set conduct guidelines, address concerns, mediate complaints as well as monitor deal with those employees that choose to abuse company resources. Business should always conduct as in-house assessment to identify whether electronic monitoring is even necessary. Management should speak with employees regarding the productivity problem. Employee may suggest alternative ways to solve the problem if monitoring is chosen; employee may participate designing the monitoring program. If monitoring is conducted the scope must be as narrower as consistent with achieving the particular objective. If the company chooses to adopt electronic monitoring, notice should be given in advance of any monitoring. This notice specifically state what would be monitored and when this would occur. Protection of employees privacy by law is more important where monitoring is conducted. Therefore, to develop a privacy policy in the workplace, an ethical involvement in computer monitoring and work place privacy has to be taken in to consideration. Computer ethics deals with the balance between employee rights and employer interests and development of an effective employer use policy. On a practical basis any computer based organization can draw upon a code of ethics or policy should include the following theories The Law which include moral principals include with negative consequences for disobedience. Code of practice guidelines for employers to work within the organization. Professional Ethics Guidelines to employers/ managers to work within the organization. Personal Ethics Values that influence actions of the individual Monitoring mechanism is very important to employees for many reasons. Failure, to inform and advice the employees that the computer based activities will be monitored maybe a violation of employee privacy rights according to the certain judicators. If the employees have been notified that they are being monitored they will be compelled to prevent from breaching the AUP (Acceptable Use Policy). Furthermore undisclosed monitoring would bring negative impact on employee moral. Therefore following steps could be taken to formulate a acceptable use policy (AUP). An AUP should be communicated to staff of the organization in writing Permitted and prohibited activities should be setout for the usage of e-mail, internet and other applications. Specify the disciplinary actions that will be taken for the disobedience for the AUP. Employer should notify that they are being monitoring and when and what will be monitored. Although both employer and employee should stick to this AUP, there may be particular that could be unannounced monitoring is taken place. But such action should be taken, only after a legal advice. It is advised that an AUP should be supported with worker educational programs too and in these educational programs it should be discussed on the following topics. The necessity of an AUP? That compliance should be compulsory The conditions applicable in the AUP The consequences to disobedience The extent of monitoring Who should consult with any questions about the AUP In this manner employer and employee relations could be established and maintained, industrial peace and the privacy rights of the employee will be secured to create a computer based environment which would enhance production and productivity. That would lead to economic development. The educational program will not only educate the AUP to workers and ensure compliance; it may also introduce of good codes of practices within a social framework and entering them in to legal process. In the contrary, it may provide a defense against law suits by enabling an employer or an organization to demonstrate that all responsible steps were taken to ensure that the work place is free from harassment and all efforts were taken to provide maximum possible protection for employee privacy rights and to maintain the workplace privacy rights of the employees in the organization. Taking in to privacy violation, in the information society it is important to discuss about the right of privacy to some extent. Communication privacy includes privacy of email, teleconference, voice telecommunication and postal mail. Information privacy determining the purpose of use and communication of personal information with others. It consists of rules including legislation and industrial codes concerning with the collection, providing data on request, scatter about selective information or personal data such as credit information and medical and governmental data information and records. With regard to computer ethics, communication and data communication privacy are the main concern. Method of privacy violation in the data communication and technology sector could be classified in to the following categories, Intrusion: wrongful entry of acquiring procession of property belongs to another and by extension, violation of privacy. Misuse of data information: illegal use of information for unauthorized activities Interception of information: unauthorized access to private information by a third party to a private communication. Data matching: data combined, linked and compared from two of more unrelated databases to create new information. The purpose of data matching is to regain statistical information, or create computer profiles. This data matching is used for instance, by security agencies to discover wanted criminals, terrorists or missing persons or by tax agencies to find out illegal earnings and tax defaulters. Data mining: the collection of masses of data into one or more data bases in order to get new information and knowledge that was previously hidden and unidentified. It is used in direct marketing, allowing marketers to combine various criteria taken from databases to focus on a specific target group. [Stamallos.G, 2007] According to the above possible methods of privacy violation, databases, networks do a major role therefore, what can be done to protect individual personal privacy? Some of the governments have tried to protect personal data through special legislations or privacy guidelines. In 1998 OECD (Organization for Economics Corporation and Development) ministers adopted the declaration on the protection of privacy on global networks in order to ensure the respect of important rights, build confidence in global networks, and prevent unnecessary restrictions on transborder flows of personal data. UK parliament published the data protection act of 1998 which protects the personal data of an individual (Stored in either digital or paper form) from unreasonable or illegal use. The Australian Federal Government the OECD guidelines with privacy act in 1988. The US privacy legislation seems to be a special one but more recently the US privacy legislation has supplemented two major laws on the use of personal data. One is the privacy act of 1994 and the other one is the computer matching and privacy protection act of 1998. [Stamallos.G, 2007]. It is very clear that old common laws do not really cover the area of work place privacy in many countries. Therefore, a gap exists between the times when a new communication technology is created; new laws have to be designed by the state legislature to cover the new technologies and to protect the work place privacy as well.

Early Childhood Education Past and Present Essay

In order to decide how past philosophies, theories and educational models have influenced present ideas and practices related to early childhood education, we must first decide where we would like to begin. I will start with the ideas of Aristotle, because I believe his ideas on â€Å"mimesis† or imitations are evident in the evolution of early education, and will always be an integral part of effective learning. Once we understand that children learn and practice what they see in others, we begin to realize the need for dedication and devotion from parents and teachers. Aristotle was a student of Plato who argued for the early removal of children from their parents so that they could be cared for in a school like setting. (Schwartz 1997) As we look back at history itself, we can see that the role of childhood education has been dependent upon the immediate needs and beliefs of a particular society. There have also been many individuals in the past 200 years who are responsible for creating theories and philosophies based on their observations of children and what is vital to them as they develop into adults. However, it is important that we recognize how new ideas are not formed independently, but built upon old ones. As educators, we must utilize what we notice to be effective, as well as the things that impacted us most as children in an educational setting. The strategies and philosophies that I’ve implemented in particular are borrowed from several individuals including Erikson, Vygotsky and Gardiner. Erikson’s psychosocial theory covers eight stages, each one built upon, and reliant on its predecessor. The first four are of greatest relevance, but the remaining four are worthy of a close look because it is important to know where you’re going when deciding upon the best way to get there. These stages also remind me of the importance of satisfying basic need, and of considering children as little people who need to believe in success before they can achieve it. It’s one of the reasons why I would occasionally go to recess with my students. I was able to observe how they treated and responded to others in a seemingly more relaxed, social setting. For some children, recess is by far the most stressful twenty minutes of the day. The incredibly minimal amount of time given to my students was another reason I felt it was necessary to attend. I could get a kick ball game set up so they could make the best of what little time they had. However, I must be honest, I still love to play, and demonstrating good sportsmanship and a competitive spirit to my kids was as important as the preparation for any test we had to look forward to. Lastly, I had a sixth grade teacher who used to do the same thing and I remember it vividly and extremely fondly. I find Gardiners’ theory of multiple intelligence extremely helpful while building confidence in kids whose gifts were not overly apparent on the field at recess. I have and will always encourage students to recognize and display these gifts while still maintaining a certain degree of humility. (Hyson 2004) I’ve always kept examples of completed activities inside and outside my classroom and anywhere else I could find space in order to, among other things, initiate discussions about pride as well as humility. Our classroom clearly demonstrated the fact that comfort and familiarity were held in high regard. An equal emphasis was placed on respect, and this is the word that was constantly spelled out on the board. As my class or one of my students showed an obvious lack of respect, one of the letters would be erased. They would be put back as we were respectful of one another, and if the word was entirely spelled out on Friday afternoon, we would have a â€Å"social gathering† for the last half hour of the day. If we were to walk into most, if not all early childhood educational settings, we would find many things that were initiated or influenced by past theorists or philosophers. We would notice blocks or other creative building materials. There would be areas to encourage cooperative learning, and most would reflect what is thought to be developmentally appropriate for the range of members in the class. When determining what types of play are developmentally appropriate, we need to consider all individuals, and the fact that differences will exist. Members of a class who are either gifted or struggling should not have to suffer because of what is thought to be developmentally appropriate. These differences should be expected, utilized and appreciated. Computers, for example, will run programs with varying degrees of difficulty depending upon what is developmentally appropriate for an individual. As concerns continue to grow over bridging the gap between early education students, government intervention has and will continue to grow. An increase in assessments is inevitable, and even smaller amounts of time will be devoted to active learning, exploration and play. The changes that in fact need to be made are those that reflect the ideas of the great minds of theorists who dedicated their lives in order to determine the most effective methods of early childhood education.

Eat More Weigh Less By Dr. Dean Ornish - 961 Words

The diet book I choose was â€Å"Eat More Weigh Less† by Dr. Dean Ornish. This diet has no time frame, you can use this diet until you have met the desired weight. Most people don’t want to give up eating junk food, but maybe with this diet you can eat something healthy that tastes equally as satisfying. Also, these recipes will definitely keep someone feeling refreshed and satisfied. On page 106 of the book, Dr. Ornish gives his readers a sample week of foods. I thought this was a great way for people to experiment his diet without feeling like they have continue it until it’s â€Å"end date†. For Day 1 of the diet he suggests that for breakfast people trying the diet should eat cold cereal, nonfat yogurt, fresh berries, orange juice, and a warm beverage. For this meal, people obviously have to monitor the types of food that they will intake. Someone can eat cold cereal, however they can pick a cereal that contains large amounts of sugar. For this I would suggest that they choose organic foods for a better outcome. Continuing on for the day, at lunch he recommends having a stuffed baked potato, broccoli, potato, and chick-pea salad with lemon-tarragon dressing, a tossed green salad, and fresh fruit. This a loaded with carbohydrates, protein, and vitamins. Finally, he suggests eating bruschetta with sun dried tomatoes and capers, pasta with red peppe rs, greens, white beans, garlic, and lemon zest, grilled asparagus, with lemon, peppers, and caper vinaigrette, a tossed green salad,

Essay on Six Debates over Macroeconomic Policy - 1363 Words

SIX DEBATES over MACROECONOMIC POLICY SIX DEBATES over MACROECONOMIC POLICY ISSUES | YES | NO | 1. Whether or not monetary and fiscal policymakers should try to stabilize the economy | Advocates of active monetary and fiscal policy view the economy as inherently unstable and believe that policy can manage aggregate demand, and thereby, production and employment, to offset the inherent instability. When aggregate demand is inadequate to ensure full employment, policymakers should boost government spending, cut taxes, and expand money supply. However, when aggregate demand is excessive, risking higher inflation, policymakers should cut government spending, raise taxes, and reduce the money supply. Such policy actions put†¦show more content†¦Increased spending on investment adds to aggregate demand and helps to restore normal levels of production and employment.Fiscal policy, on the other hand, can provide an additional tool to combat recessions and is particularly useful when the tools of monetary policy lose their effectiveness. When the govern ment cuts taxes, it increases households’ disposable income, which encourages them to increase spending on consumption. When the government buys goods and services, it adds directly to aggregate demand. Moreover, these fiscal actions can have multiplier effects: Higher aggregate demand leads to higher incomes, which in turn induces additional consumer spending and further increases in aggregate demand.Traditional Keynesian analysis indicates that increases in government purchases are a more potent tool than decreases in taxes. When the government gives a dollar in tax cuts to a household, part of that dollar may be saved rather than spent. The part of the dollar that is saved does not contribute to the aggregate demand for goods and services. By contrast, when the government spends a dollar buying a good or service, that dollar immediately and fully adds to aggregate demand. | Critics of spending hikes argue that tax cuts can expand both aggregate demand and aggregate su pply and that hasty increases in government spending may lead to wasteful public projects.Tax cuts increase aggregate demand by increasing household’s disposable income, asShow MoreRelatedThe Study of Macroeconomics1507 Words   |  7 Pages†¢ Micro vs. Macro †¢ Microeconomics – the study of how individual households and firms make decisions and how they interact with one another in markets. †¢ Macroeconomics – the study of the economy as a whole. – Its goal is to explain the economic changes that affect many households, firms, and markets at once. †¢ The Two Groups of Economists †¢ Macroeconomists †¢ Focus on the economy as a whole. †¢ Spend much time analyzing how total income changes and how changes in income cause changes inRead MoreAn Informal Link Between The Level Of Financial Intermediation And Economic Development1631 Words   |  7 PagesImportant Banks (SIBs) of Sri Lanka, are the main contributors for an efficient and stable financial sector. 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